User:Eewilson/ListOfSymphyotrichumSpecies

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Symphyotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Astereae which includes the commonly cultivated New York aster (S. novi-belgii) and New England aster (S. novae-angliae), among many others native from subarctic North America to Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands, including one into eastern Eurasia. It is the type genus of subtribe Symphyotrichinae.

Most of the species in the genus are perennials and have flower heads with white, pink, purple, or blue ray florets surrounding white to yellow disk florets. The disk floret corollas become pink, purple, or brown after pollination. The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.

There are 96 species, some with varieties, and twelve named hybrids which are split into five subgenera: Chapmaniana, Astropolium, Virgulus, Ascendentes, and Symphyotrichum. Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters now are separated into monophyletic genera based on multiple phylogenetic studies.

Conventions
Conservation status codes follow the NatureServe conservation (NS) rounded global status scheme. Hybrids have a column for parents in place of conservation status. Not listed (NL) is not a NatureServe category but is used to represent those left out of global status rankings up to G5 (including GNA in the key) and those not in NatureServe. Type species for each clade are in a separate table.

Classification of Symphyotrichum
Subtribe Symphyotrichinae contains six genera. In addition to Symphyotrichum, these are Almutaster, Ampelaster, Canadanthus, Psilactis, and Sanrobertia, with Symphyotrichum being the largest at 96 species and twelve named hybrids. The cladogram presented here for the subtribe is based on a combination of molecular and morphological data reported in multiple studies.

Classification within Symphyotrichum
Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters were then separated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic studies. S. novae-angliae and S. turbinellum are monotypic within sections. S. novae-angliae is classified in the subgenus Virgulus. In 1994, it was placed in section Grandiflori, subsection Polyligulae. In 2002, it was segregated within its own section Polyliguli. The list follows the 2002 circumscription of section Polyliguli for the species. S. turbinellum is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum. It has been placed within its own section Turbinelli. It was previously placed in section Symphyotrichum, subsection Turbinelli. The list follows the more recent circumscription of section Turbinelli for the species.

Clades
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom
 * sect. Ericoidei (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
 * sect. Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
 * subsect. Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
 * subsect. Patentes
 * sect. Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
 * subsect. Mexicanae G.L.Nesom
 * subsect. Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
 * sect. Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple
 * sect. Concolores (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum
 * sect. Conyzopsis (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
 * sect. Occidentales (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom
 * sect. Turbinelli (Rydb.) Semple
 * sect. Symphyotrichum
 * subsect. Dumosi (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom
 * subsect. Heterophylli (Nees) Semple
 * series Concinni (Nees) Semple
 * series Cordifolii (G.Don in Loudon) Semple
 * subsect. Porteriani (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom
 * subsect. Symphyotrichum
 * series Punicei (House) Semple
 * series Symphyotrichum

Species classifications

Subgenus Virgulus
Subgenus Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom

Section Patentes
Section Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Section Grandiflori
Section Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Subsection Heterophylli
Subsection Heterophylli (Nees) Semple