User:Eewilson/Sfont

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Need about 3000 characters for five-fold.

Symphyotrichum fontinale (formerly Aster fontinalis) is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae). Commonly known as Florida water aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights ranging from 30 to 90 cm. It is endemic to Florida and a small area of southwest Georgia.

Description
it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights ranging from 30 to 90 cm.

colonial; long-rhizomatous

Lifespan: perennial Root system: Height: 30–90 cm (12–35 in) Stems: Ray florets color: purplish-blue to light purple count: length: Disk florets color: count: – Blooms: November–December

Source: Brouillet et al. 2006

Stems
"1–5+, erect (light to reddish brown, straight, sometimes stout), proxi­mally moderately to densely hispidulo-strigillose, sometimes glabrescent, distally moderately to densely hispidulo-strigillose, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular." Brouillet et al. 2006

Leaves
"Leaves (green to dark green) firm, margins entire, faces sparsely to moderately strigoso-scabrous, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular; basal absent at flowering, sessile, blades (3-nerved) oblanceolate to obovate, 25–40 × 12–15 mm, bases attenuate, margins entire (remotely serrate), scabrous, apices obtuse, short-mucronate; proximal cauline usually withering by flowering, sessile, blades obovate to oblanceolate, 25–80 × 5–18 mm, bases rounded or narrowly auriculate-clasping, margins distally shallowly serrate to subentire, scabrellous, apices spinulose-mucronate; distal sessile, blades lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–50 × 2–10 mm, reduced distally and becoming bractlike (arrays), bases subclasping to (distally) rounded, margins scabrous, apices acute to white-mucronulate or -subspinulose, faces sometimes shiny, minutely gland-dotted." Brouillet et al. 2006

Flowers
"Heads (4–400) in wide to narrow, paniculiform arrays, branches ascending to widely spreading (well-developed), densely small-leaved. Peduncles ascending (secund in well-developed arrays?), 0.3–4.5 cm, densely strigoso-hirsute, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular, bracts dense, spreading or reflexed (rarely ascending), narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate, mostly ca. 3 × 1 mm, spinulose, sparsely to moderately strigilloso-scabrous, sometimes sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular, grading into phyllaries. Involucres cylindro-campanulate, 6–7.6 mm. Phyllaries in 4–5 series (appressed), oblong or oblanceolate (outer) to linear-oblanceolate (innermost), unequal, bases indurate, margins hyaline, scarious, erose, ciliate or ciliolate, and/or sometimes stipitate-glandular, often reddish distally, green zones elliptic (outer) to lanceolate, apices erect, acute to acuminate, mucronulate to apiculate (inner), often tinged red-purplish, faces glabrous or glabrate. Ray florets 15–30; corollas purplish-blue to lavender, laminae 7–13 × 0.8–2 mm. Disc florets 19-25; corollas cream to pale yellow turning reddish purple, sometimes also brownish, 5.2–6 mm, tubes slightly shorter than funnelform throats, lobes lanceolate to triangular, 0.8–1.2 mm." Brouillet et al. 2006

Fruit
The fruits (seeds) of Symphyotrichum fontinale are not true achenes but are cypselae, resembling an achene but surrounded by a calyx sheath. This is true for all members of the Asteraceae family. After ripening, the seeds become tan with 4–5 golden bronze nerves. They are shaped like a combination of an egg and a spindle, technically called obovoid–fusiform in shape, and range from 1.9 to 2.3 mm in length. They also have tufts of hairs called pappi which are in various shades and 5–6.2 mm in length.

Similar species
The closest relative to Symphyotrichum fontinale is Symphyotrichum estesii. They are different only in the color of their phyllaries and involucral bracts, as well as the sizes of their flower heads and color of their ray florets. S. estesii has green phyllaries and bracts, and those of S. fontinale are often tipped or tinted purple. S. estesii has smaller flower heads than S. fontinale, and its ray florets are white. S. fontinale has ray florets that can be tinted pale pink to bluish or violet. The two have separate and distinct ranges. Whereas Florida water aster is endemic primarily to Florida, S. estesii has been found only in Coffee County, Tennessee.

Species in moist or marshy wetlands in Florida:
 * Symphyotrichum chapmanii
 * Symphyotrichum dumosum
 * Symphyotrichum elliottii
 * Symphyotrichum firmum (Georgia)
 * Symphyotrichum praealtum
 * Symphyotrichum puniceum (Georgia)
 * Symphyotrichum racemosum
 * Symphyotrichum simmondsii
 * Symphyotrichum subulatum
 * Symphyotrichum tenuifolium

Chromosomes
Symphyotrichum fontinale has a base number of five chromosomes with a decaploid count of 50.

Taxonomy
Holotype: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1930407826

Basionym: Aster fontinalis[181]

Described: 1933[182]

Etymology
The second part of the scientific name fontinale is Latin neutral form for which means water spring or fountain.

Phylogeny
Subgenus Virgulus sect. Grandiflori subsect. Grandiflori

Distribution and habitat
Symphyotrichum fontinale grows at elevations between 0 and 50 m in wetlands, including marshes, sandhills, hammocks, flood plains, and rocky bluffs along streams, in scattered counties of Florida and southwest Georgia.

It is endemic to Florida and a small area of southwest Georgia.

need a thing about distribution "contradictions" among the different sources

no wetland indicator status

Ecology
may not be able to find anything on that

Conservation
NatureServe lists it as Vulnerable (G3) worldwide. Last reviewed 7 June 1996 they don't give a reason for their rating

no c-val no listing in iucn