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THIS PAGE HAS ALL THE DETAIL!!

Symphyotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family (Asteraceae). It is the type genus of subtribe Symphyotrichinae of tribe Astereae. The species in the genus are native from subarctic North America to Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. One species has an extensive native distribution into eastern Eurasia.

The 96 species and 12 named hybrids are split into five subgenera: Ascendentes, comprising two allopolyploid species with putative parents crossing subgenera; Astropolium, with ten species mostly of South American origin; Chapmaniana, a monotypic taxon; Symphyotrichum, with three sections containing 64 species including nine hybrids; and, Virgulus, with four sections containing 31 species including three hybrids.

Conventions
To go directly to the list: § Species list

Converted measurements are approximations and are rounded. Millimeter measurements are not converted. To convert millimeters to inches, divide the millimeter value by exactly 25.4. If a source gives a range and includes outliers, for example (3–)6–8(–12), to conserve space, the full range will be shown in this way: 3–12. Involucres and phyllaries are usually included in descriptions, as are leaves. They are not included here for space constraints.

Legend and Glossary and Alphabetical species index

Ray floret colors given are white, pink, purple, blue - various shades not covered but adjectives pale or deep may be used; say that disk floret colors change - use the info from Slat article

Etymology - if based on a 'true' Latin name, the translation to English from Wiktionary is given. If not available in Wiktionary, another source will be used and cited. If named for a person or location, the name of the person or location is given and source cited. Latinization of surname

All species and Varieties as accepted in POWO or COL except new ones that may not be in but should be (how do I say this - ex., Symphyotrichum estesii?)

Subgenera and sections as accepted by WHOM

Placement of species is ongoing... (source).

links: author citation — basionym — the first, or original, scientific name of a plant botany — the science of plant life and a branch of biology section — series — subsection — taxonomy — variety — introduced — native —

Chromosome counts (DNA)
Chromosome counts, when known, are labeled DNA in the Taxonomy column for each species. The base number of chromosomes is given as x = N, where N is the number of individual unique chromosomes in a single set. Also shown is the ploidy, the number of complete sets of unique chromosomes in the cell nucleus for the species, labeled using the following terms: diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, septaploid, octaploid, decaploid, and duodecaploid.

In literature, such as Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), the ploidy of a species is often written using the value 2n representing the total number of individual chromosomes in the nucleus. For example, Symphyotrichum boreale has a base number of 8 (eight unique chromosomes), written x = 8, with diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, and octaploid types written 2n = 16, 32, 48, 64. Thus, individual specimens of Symphyotrichum boreale have been found with 2 (diploid), 4 (tetraploid), 6 (hexaploid), and 8 (octaploid) sets of its 8 chromosomes.

Conservation statuses
Explain conservation statuses - Species without a Canadian or US presence are not found in NatureServe.

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Conservation column abbreviations:
 * NatureServe conservation status (NS)
 * IUCN Red List (IUCN 3.1)
 * Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)
 * Canada Species at Risk Act (SARA)
 * CNPS Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California (CNPS)

NatureServe conservation status (NS) - Of the species listed on this page. Valid species only. Rounded statuses. NatureServe puts hybrids under GNA. Hybrids not listed by NatureServe are in the NL count.

Note: Only NatureServe Global status are given, and only for species. GNR includes Not ranked, i.e. not yet assessed, or possibly unaccepted names. NL Not listed is not a NatureServe category but is used to represent those left out of any global status ranking

3 GNR that were not valid species names but synonyms for subspecies, so since they weren't valid, 0 is in the table. All values are only for accepted and valid species names

Talk about the IUCN a bit and that only 9 are in their DB at all.

Others - COSEWIC and CNPS

Environmental indicators

Explain C-value and its limitations (e.g., not all areas have them)

Excluding those in non-native C-values always from this source:

Explain Wetland Indicator Status Rating (for North American/US plants)

WIS in the table

Wetland indicator status always from this source:

Contents

Glossary
Short glossary of botanical terms used in the list

annual — a plant that lives only one season and must reproduce from seed

caudex — a root mass in a clump

cespitose — clump-forming

colonial — a plant that reproduces by growing more of itself in a different location by spreading its roots

colony — a group of colonial plants, also called a "clonal colony"

disk floret — one of the many tiny flowers in the middle of an aster flower head, colored shades of cream, yellow, brown, purple, or pink in this genus

perennial — a plant that lives more than one season, or perennially, and regrows from roots; usually, it can make seeds

ray floret — also called a "ray," one of the many small petals, which are actually tiny flowers, around the center of an aster flower head, colored shades of white, blue, purple, or pink in this genus

rhizome — a thick and often woody root that can develop shoots which grow into new plants

Contents

Alphabetical species index
Alphabetical index of species with links to their locations in the list

S. adnatum

S. × amethystinum

S. anomalum

S. anticostense

S. ascendens

S. × batesii

S. bimater

S. boreale

S. bullatum

S. burgessii

S. campestre

S. carnerosanum

S. chapmanii

S. chihuahuense

S. chilense

S. ciliatum

S. ciliolatum

S. × columbianum

S. concolor

S. cordifolium

S. defoliatum

S. depauperatum

S. drummondii

S. dumosum

S. eatonii

S. elliottii

S. ericoides

S. estesii

S. eulae

S. falcatum

S. fendleri

S. × finkii

S. firmum

S. foliaceum

S. fontinale

S. frondosum

S. georgianum

S. glabrifolium

S. graminifolium

S. grandiflorum

S. × gravesii

S. greatae

S. hallii

S. hendersonii

S. hintonii

S. jessicae

S. laeve

S. lanceolatum

S. lateriflorum

S. laurentianum

S. lentum

S. leone

S. × longulum

S. lucayanum

S. martii

S. molle

S. moranense

S. nahanniense

S. novae-angliae

S. novi-belgii

S. oblongifolium

S. ontarionis

S. oolentangiense

S. parviceps

S. patagonicum

S. patens

S. peteroanum

S. phlogifolium

S. pilosum

S. plumosum

S. porteri

S. potosinum

S. praealtum

S. pratense

S. prenanthoides

S. priceae

S. puniceum

S. purpurascens

S. pygmaeum

S. racemosum

S. regnellii

S. retroflexum

S. rhiannon

S. robynsianum

S. × salignum

S. schaffneri

S. × schistosum

S. sericeum

S. shortii

S. simmondsii

S. spathulatum

S. × subgeminatum

S. subspicatum

S. subulatum

S. × tardiflorum

S. tenuifolium

S. tradescantii

S. trilineatum

S. turbinellum

S. turneri

S. undulatum

S. urophyllum

S. vahlii

S. × versicolor

S. walteri

S. welshii

S. × woldenii

S. yukonense

Contents

Classification of Symphyotrichum
Subtribe Symphyotrichinae contains six genera. In addition to Symphyotrichum, these are Almutaster, Ampelaster, Canadanthus, Psilactis, and Sanrobertia, with Symphyotrichum being the largest at 96 species and 12 named hybrids. The cladogram presented here is based on a combination of molecular and morphological data reported by Luc Brouillet et al. in 2009,, David R. Morgan and Blake Holland in 2012, and Guy L. Nesom in 2018.

Classification of Symphyotrichum

Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index

Classification within Symphyotrichum
Brouillet et al. 2009, p. 12

Symphyotrichum has five generally accepted subgenera with some variation among sections and subsections. The subgenera here are accepted by Brouillet et al. 2006 and Semple. Brouillet et al. 2006 only informally treat sections within subgenus Virgulus but do accept the shown sections within subgenus Symphyotrichum. Their sections, both formal and informal, are used here. Semple groups the species similarly but with additional segregation of species into sections, subsections, and some series. Those are shown with a dotted line. OTHER SOURCES, TOO NESOM 2018; nesom 1994 for carnerosanum.


 * Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple, Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 41: 133 (2002)
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple, Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 41: 133 (2002)
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 272 (1995)
 * sect. Ericoidei (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77: 274 (1995)
 * sect. Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 274 (1995)
 * subsect. Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 274 (1995)
 * subsect. Patentes
 * sect. Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77: 273 (1995)
 * subsect. Mexicanae G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77: 273 (1995)
 * subsect. Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77: 273 (1995)
 * sect. Concolores (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77: 275 (1995)
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple, Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 41: 133 (2002)
 * Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum
 * sect. Conyzopsis (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 271 (1995)
 * sect. Occidentales (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 271 (1995)
 * sect. Symphyotrichum
 * subsect. Dumosi (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77: 269 (1995)
 * subsect. Heterophylli (Nees) Semple
 * series Concinni (Nees) Semple
 * series Cordifolii (G.Don in Loudon) Semple
 * subsect. Porteriani (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77: 270 (1995)
 * https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-subsect-porteriani
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20211006072046/https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-subsect-porteriani
 * subsect. Symphyotrichum
 * series Punicei (House) Semple
 * series Symphyotrichum

Brouillet et al. 2006 informally gives subsections within section Symphyotrichum: "Subsections have been recognized within sect. Symphyotrichum. They are not treated formally here. Subsectional phylogeny is mostly unresolved.

Semple subsections within section Symphyotrichum: Semple segregates S. turbinellum within its own section Turbinelli. S. carnerosanum is not on his list. He also segregates S. novae-angliae within its own Virgulus section Polyliguli, and several species within section Grandiflori subsection Mexicanae. The latter is shown here with additions by Nesom 2018.

Cladogram
The value in brackets ([   ]) before each species name is the chromosome base number for that species. Their source citations are at § Species list. Genus Symphyotrichum

Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index

Legend
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index

Subgenus Chapmaniana
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Astropolium
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Ericoidei
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Patentes
Stipitate-glandular

Subsection Brachyphylli
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Patentes
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Mexicanae
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Grandiflori
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Concolores
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Ascendentes
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Conyzopsis
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Occidentales
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Dumosi
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Series Concinni
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Series Cordifolii
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Porteriani
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Series Punicei
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Series Symphyotrichum
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids
Contents Glossary Alphabetical species index Legend