User:Eewilson/sandbox 7

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THIS PAGE HAS DETAIL FROM BEFORE I PARED IT DOWN - TO BE USED IN ARTICLES
 * cladogram needs Polyliguli change; maybe look into Turbinelli change

Symphyotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family (Asteraceae). It is the type genus of subtribe Symphyotrichinae of tribe Astereae. The species in the genus are native from subarctic North America to Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. One species has an extensive native distribution into eastern Eurasia.

The 96 species and 12 named hybrids are split into five subgenera: Ascendentes, comprising two allopolyploid species with putative parents crossing subgenera; Astropolium, with ten species mostly of South American origin; Chapmaniana, a monotypic taxon; Symphyotrichum, with three sections containing 64 species including nine hybrids; and, Virgulus, with four sections containing 31 species including three hybrids.

List conventions
To go directly to the list: § Species list


 * Etymology

If the species epithet is based on a Latin word and not a derivative of a name, the translation to English from Wiktionary is given with a link. If the term is not available in Wiktionary, another source will be used and cited. If the epithet is named for a person or location, the name of the person or location is given and source cited.


 * Chromosome counts (DNA)

Chromosome counts, when known, are labeled DNA in the Taxonomy column for each species. The base number of chromosomes is given as x = N, where N is the number of individual unique chromosomes in a single set. Also shown is the ploidy, the number of complete sets of unique chromosomes in the cell nucleus for the species, labeled using the following terms: diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, septaploid, octaploid, decaploid, and duodecaploid.

In literature, such as Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), the ploidy of a species is often written using the value 2n representing the total number of individual chromosomes in the nucleus. For example, Symphyotrichum boreale has a base number of 8 (eight unique chromosomes), written x = 8, with diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, and octaploid types written 2n = 16, 32, 48, 64. Thus, individual specimens of Symphyotrichum boreale have been found with 2 (diploid), 4 (tetraploid), 6 (hexaploid), and 8 (octaploid) sets of its 8 chromosomes.


 * Conservation statuses

Explain conservation statuses - Species without a Canadian or US presence are not found in NatureServe.

.

Conservation column abbreviations:
 * NatureServe conservation status (NS)
 * IUCN Red List (IUCN 3.1)
 * Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)
 * Canada Species at Risk Act (SARA)
 * CNPS Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California (CNPS)

NatureServe conservation status (NS) - Of the species listed on this page. Valid species only. Rounded statuses. NatureServe puts hybrids under GNA. Hybrids not listed by NatureServe are in the NL count.

Note: Only NatureServe Global status are given, and only for species. GNR includes Not ranked, i.e. not yet assessed, or possibly unaccepted names. NL Not listed is not a NatureServe category but is used to represent those left out of any global status ranking

3 GNR that were not valid species names but synonyms for subspecies, so since they weren't valid, 0 is in the table. All values are only for accepted and valid species names

Talk about the IUCN a bit and that only 9 are in their DB at all.

Others - COSEWIC and CNPS


 * Environmental indicators

Explain C-value and its limitations (e.g., not all areas have them)

Excluding those in non-native C-values always from this source:

Explain Wetland Indicator Status Rating (for North American/US plants)

WIS in the table

Wetland indicator status always from this source:

Classification of Symphyotrichum
Subtribe Symphyotrichinae contains six genera. In addition to Symphyotrichum, these are Almutaster, Ampelaster, Canadanthus, Psilactis, and Sanrobertia, with Symphyotrichum being the largest at 96 species and 12 named hybrids. The cladogram presented here is based on a combination of molecular and morphological data reported by Luc Brouillet et al. in 2009, David R. Morgan and Blake Holland in 2012, and Guy L. Nesom in 2018.

Classification within Symphyotrichum
Brouillet et al. 2009, p. 12

Symphyotrichum has five generally accepted subgenera with some variation among sections and subsections. The subgenera here are accepted by Brouillet et al. 2006 and Semple. Brouillet et al. 2006 only informally treat sections within subgenus Virgulus but do accept the shown sections within subgenus Symphyotrichum. Their sections, both formal and informal, are used here. Semple groups the species similarly but with additional segregation of species into sections, subsections, and some series. Those are shown with a dotted line. OTHER SOURCES, TOO NESOM 2018; nesom 1994 for carnerosanum.

Brouillet et al. 2006 informally gives subsections within section Symphyotrichum: "Subsections have been recognized within sect. Symphyotrichum. They are not treated formally here. Subsectional phylogeny is mostly unresolved.

Semple subsections within section Symphyotrichum: Semple segregates S. turbinellum within its own section Turbinelli. S. carnerosanum is not on his list. He also segregates S. novae-angliae within its own Virgulus section Polyliguli, and several species within section Grandiflori subsection Mexicanae. The latter is shown here with additions by Nesom 2018.

Species classification
Genus Symphyotrichum

Species list
Alphabetical index of species with links to their locations in the list

S. adnatum

S. × amethystinum

S. anomalum

S. anticostense

S. ascendens

S. × batesii

S. bimater

S. boreale

S. bullatum

S. burgessii

S. campestre

S. carnerosanum

S. chapmanii

S. chihuahuense

S. chilense

S. ciliatum

S. ciliolatum

S. × columbianum

S. concolor

S. cordifolium

S. defoliatum

S. depauperatum

S. drummondii

S. dumosum

S. eatonii

S. elliottii

S. ericoides

S. estesii

S. eulae

S. falcatum

S. fendleri

S. × finkii

S. firmum

S. foliaceum

S. fontinale

S. frondosum

S. georgianum

S. glabrifolium

S. graminifolium

S. grandiflorum

S. × gravesii

S. greatae

S. hallii

S. hendersonii

S. hintonii

S. jessicae

S. laeve

S. lanceolatum

S. lateriflorum

S. laurentianum

S. lentum

S. leone

S. × longulum

S. lucayanum

S. martii

S. molle

S. moranense

S. nahanniense

S. novae-angliae

S. novi-belgii

S. oblongifolium

S. ontarionis

S. oolentangiense

S. parviceps

S. patagonicum

S. patens

S. peteroanum

S. phlogifolium

S. pilosum

S. plumosum

S. porteri

S. potosinum

S. praealtum

S. pratense

S. prenanthoides

S. priceae

S. puniceum

S. purpurascens

S. pygmaeum

S. racemosum

S. regnellii

S. retroflexum

S. rhiannon

S. robynsianum

S. × salignum

S. schaffneri

S. × schistosum

S. sericeum

S. shortii

S. simmondsii

S. spathulatum

S. × subgeminatum

S. subspicatum

S. subulatum

S. × tardiflorum

S. tenuifolium

S. tradescantii

S. trilineatum

S. turbinellum

S. turneri

S. undulatum

S. urophyllum

S. vahlii

S. × versicolor

S. walteri

S. welshii

S. × woldenii

S. yukonense

Subgenus Chapmaniana
Subgenus Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Astropolium
Subgenus Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Virgulus
Subgenus Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom

Section Ericoidei
Section Ericoidei (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Patentes
Section Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Subsection Brachyphylli
Subsection Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Patentes
Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Grandiflori
Section Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Subsection Mexicanae
Subsection Mexicanae G.L.Nesom

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Grandiflori
Subsection Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Concolores
Section Concolores (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids
Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Ascendentes
Subgenus Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Symphyotrichum
Subgenus Symphyotrichum

Section Conyzopsis
Section Conyzopsis (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Occidentales
Section Occidentales (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Section Symphyotrichum
Section Symphyotrichum

Subsection Dumosi
Subsection Dumosi (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom Nesom places S. carnerosanum within subsect. Dumosi. Semple does not have it placed.

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Heterophylli
Subsection Heterophylli (Nees) Semple

Series Concinni
Series Concinni (Nees) Semple

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Series Cordifolii
Series Cordifolii (G.Don in Loudon) Semple

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Porteriani
Subsection Porteriani (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subsection Symphyotrichum
Subsection Symphyotrichum

Series Punicei
Series Punicei (House) Semple

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Series Symphyotrichum
Series Symphyotrichum

Contents Alphabetical species index Legend

Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids
Contents Alphabetical species index Legend