User:Ejhornet1199/Pond

Updated Formation Section:

Any depression in the ground which collects and retains a sufficient amount of water can be considered a pond, and such, can be formed by a variety of geological, ecological, and human terraforming events.

Natural ponds are those caused by environmental occurrences. These can vary from glacial, volcanic, fluvial, or even tectonic events. Since the Pleistocene epoch, glacial processes have created most of the Northern hemispheric ponds; an example is the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. When glaciers retreat, they may leave behind uneven ground due to bedrock elastic rebound and sediment outwash plains. These areas may develop depressions that can fill up with excess precipitation or seeping ground water, forming a small pond. Kettle lakes and ponds are formed when ice breaks off from a larger glacier, is eventually buried by the surrounding glacial till, and over time melts. Orogenies and other tectonic uplifting events have created some of the oldest lakes and ponds on the globe.nThese indentions have the tendency to quickly fill with groundwater if they occur below the local water table. Other tectonic rifts or depressions can fill with precipitation, local mountain run off, or be fed by mountain streams. Volcanic activity can also lead to lake and pond formation through collapsed lava tubes or volcanic cones. Natural floodplains along rivers, as well as landscapes that contain many depressions, may experience spring/rainy season flooding and snow melt. Temporary or vernal ponds are created this way and are important for breeding fish, insects, and amphibians, particularly in large river systems like the Amazon. Some ponds are solely created by animals species such as Beaver s, Alligators and other crocodilians through damning and nest excavation respectively. In landscapes with organic soils, local fires can create depressions during periods of drought. These have the tendency to fill up with small amounts of precipitation until normal water levels return, turning these isolated ponds into open water.

Manmade ponds are those created by human intervention for the sake of the local environment, industrial settings, or for ornamental/personal display and use.

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[8] Calhoun, Aram J. K. (2008). Science and conservation of vernal pools in Northeastern North America. DeMaynadier, Phillip G. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-0539-4. OCLC 170883545

[9] Everglades : the ecosystem and its restoration. Davis, Steven M., Ogden, John C., 1938-, Park, Winifred A. Delray Beach, FL: St. Lucie Press. 1994. ISBN 0-9634030-2-8. OCLC 29519403.