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According to a sociological ethnography on kidney transplantation, the industry of transplantation considers organs to be "just organs" rather than "living parts of a person". This is an example of "biological reductionism" and questions how society sees and values the human body. Using markets to increase the supply of organ donation reflects a historically present attitude of the commodification of the body. People are seen as sellers of a highly demanded good, a view equivalent to a commercial industry.

Moazam, F., R. M. Zaman, et al. (2009). Conversations with Kidney Vendors in Pakistan: An ethnographic study, Hastings Centre Report.