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Robert T. Schooley (born November 10, 1949) is an American infectious disease physician, who is the Vice Chair of Academic Affairs, Senior Director of International Initiatives, and Co-Director at the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics (IPATH), at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine. He is an expert in HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) infection and treatment, and in 2016, was the first physician to treat a patient in the United States with intravenous bacteriophage therapy for a systemic bacterial infection.

Early career
After graduating from the John Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1974, Schooley pursued fellowships in infectious disease at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. He then focused his research on immunopathogenesis of herpesvirus infections in immunocompromised patients. In 1981, Schooley joined the faculty at Harvard Medical School as an associate professor, where he also shifted his research focus to HIV/AIDS. At this time, the first AIDS cases were identified in Boston.

Leader in HIV research
In 1990, Schooley was recruited as the head of the Division of Infectious Diseases for the Health Sciences Center at the University of Colorado, and director of the Colorado Center for AIDS Research Virology Core Laboratory. While at Colorado, he served as the Chair of the NIAID’s AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) which he headed from 1995-2002. Schooley's research group in Colorado, was one of the first groups to describe the humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV infection. During his time as Group Chair, the ACTG expanded to include global research sites throughout Latin America, the Caribbean, South Asia and Africa, and is now the largest and most productive multinational clinical and translational research group focusing on the pathogenesis and therapy of HIV and its complications.

In 2005, he was recruited to the University of California School of Medicine, where he was the Head of the Division of Infectious Disease until 20XX, and currently serves as the Vice Chair of Academic Affairs, Senior Director of International Initiatives, and Co-Director of the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics.

Phage therapy
In 2016, while serving as the Head of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the UC San Diego School of Medicine, Schooley was approached by his colleague, Dr. Steffanie Strathdee, to help save her husband's life. Strathdee's husband, Dr. Tom Patterson, was suffering from a life-threatening multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection, that he had acquired while on vacation in Egypt.