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St Elizabeth Hornsby Elizabeth Ann Bayley was born on August 28, 1774, the second child of a socially prominent couple, Dr. Richard Bayley and Catherine Charlton of New York City.[3] The Bayley and Charlton families were among the earliest of the York area. Her father's parents were prominent French Huguenots living in New Rochelle, New York. He later served as the first professor of anatomy at Columbia College[4] and as Chief Health Officer for the Port of New York. Her mother was the daughter of an Episcopal minister who served as rector of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church on Staten Island for 30 years; Elizabeth was raised in the Episcopal Church.

Her mother, Catherine, died in 1777 when Elizabeth was three years old. This was possibly a result of childbirth, as their youngest child, also Catherine, died early the following year. Bayley then married Charlotte Amelia Barclay, a member of the Jacobus James Roosevelt family,[3] to provide a mother for his two surviving daughters. The new Mrs. Bayley became active in the social action of the Church and would visit the poor in their homes to distribute food and needed items. She would take the young Elizabeth with her on her rounds of charity.