User:Elexis-Wohlgemuth/Solar eclipse of May 29, 1919

Introduction [addition to main article]:
This article is about the total solar eclipse which occurred on May 29, 1919.

The May 29, 1919 total solar eclipse occurred because the Moon aligned between the sun and the Earth in which they appeared overlapped to a certain population of observers on the Earth. The moon covers the suns light which leads to an absence of light for a small period of time. The solar eclipse which occurred on May 29, 1919 was the longest solar eclipse that had been observed and recorded up until June 8, 1937. This eclipse was visible through locations like Southeastern Peru and northern Chile. This specific total solar eclipse was significant because it helped prove Einstein's theory of relativity. The eclipse was subject to the Eddington experiment. Two groups of British astronomers went to Brazil and the west coast of Africa to take pictures of the stars in the sky once the moon covered the sun and darkness was revealed. Those photos helped prove that the sun interferes with the bend of star light.

Observations
A total solar eclipse occurred on Thursday, May 29, 1919. With the duration of totality at maximum eclipse of 6 minutes 50.75 seconds, it was the longest solar eclipse that occurred since May 27, 1416. A longer total solar eclipse would later occur on June 8, 1937.

It was visible throughout most of South America and Africa as a partial eclipse. Totality occurred through a narrow path across southeastern Peru, northern Chile, central Bolivia and Brazil after sunrise, across the Atlantic Ocean and into south central Africa, covering southern Liberia, southern French West Africa (the part now belonging to Ivory Coast), southwestern tip of British Gold Coast (now Ghana), Príncipe Island in Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, southern Spanish Guinea (now Equatorial Guinea), French Equatorial Africa (the parts now belonging to Gabon and R. Congo, including Libreville), Belgian Congo (now DR Congo), northeastern Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), northern tip of Nyasaland (now Malawi), German East Africa (now belonging to Tanzania) and northeastern Portuguese Mozambique (now Mozambique), ending near sunset in eastern Africa.

Connection to The Theory of Relativity
See also: Eddington experiment, Tests of general relativity § Deflection of light by the Sun, and Experimentum crucis

The solar eclipse of May 29, 1919 allowed Einstein to finalize his theory of relativity. The theory is used as the description of gravitation. The prediction of the bending of light by the gravity of the Sun, the main components of his general theory of relativity, can be tested during a solar eclipse. When stars with apparent position near the Sun become visible. The stars can not be seen without a solar eclipse because stars passing the sun are drowned by solar glares. There had been a previous unsuccessful attempt to validate this prediction during the Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918. However, during the solar eclipse of May 29, 1919, two expeditions were made to measure positions of stars during this eclipse (see Eddington experiment). They were organized under the direction of Sir Frank Watson Dyson. One expedition was led by Sir Arthur Eddington to the island of Príncipe (off the west coast of Africa), the other by Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin and Charles Rundle Davidson to Sobral in Brazil. '''The different astronomer groups photographed the stars in the sky from their respective locations once the moon had covered the sun and the stars were visible due to the darkness. The photographs provided evidence that the suns bulk did shift the way a stars light will bend. ''' The stars that both expeditions observed were in the constellation Taurus.

From the findings from these expeditions Dyson is quoted saying "After a careful study of the plates, I am prepared to say that they confirm Einstein's prediction." He continues to explain that it leaves little doubt about light deflection in the area around the sun and it is the amount Einstein demands in his generalized theory of relativity.

Peer Review Response:

I will respond to the peer review by rearranging the way some of the information is set up and by adding more details for clarity to the reader. For instance the solar eclipse that occurred after May of the same year does not need to be added. I also think taking out some unneeded details would also be beneficial in other parts. Will also give a brief description of what Einstein's theory was. The other peer review stressed organization of the article as a whole and the layout which will be taken into consideration and implemented. I could find another source as well that might contain more information. Possibly lead with the significance of every section to start, so making sure relevance is starting each section. Possibly update some previous grammar and punctuation. More detailed section holders was listed as well which I could look into.