User:Eliaser98

soil profiles introduction. Is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics are differ from the layer above and beneath. they are different in many cases by obvious physical features, mainly color and texture.

Now, let’s talk about different layers of soil profile.

O-horizon: The O horizon is the upper layer of the topsoil which is mainly composed of organic materials such as dried leaves, grasses, dead leaves, small rocks, twigs, surface organisms, fallen trees, and other decomposed organic matter. This horizon of soil is often black brown or dark brown in color and this is mainly because of the presence of organic content. A-horizon: This horizon always forms at the surface and is what many people refer to as topsoil. Compared to other mineral horizons (E, B, or C) in the soil profile, they are rich in organic matter, giving them a darker color.

B-horizon: It is the subsurface horizon, present just below the topsoil and above the bedrock. It is comparatively harder and more compact than topsoil. It contains less humus, soluble minerals, and organic matter. It is a site of deposition of certain minerals and metal salts such as iron oxide

C-horizon: This layer is devoid of any organic matter and is made up of broken bedrock. This layer is also known as saprolite. The geological material present in this zone is cemented.

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