User:Elinruby/ss

Cossacks
In 1944, the division was transferred to the Waffen SS, becoming part of the XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps in February 1945.
 * Eastern Front mostly
 * 1) Don Cossacks already serving in the Wehrmacht
 * 2) those who escaped from the advancing Red Army
 * 3) Soviet POWs.

Netherlands
Several thousand Dutch volunteers joined German units. Among them:
 * the 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland (created in February 1943). The division fought against the Soviet army and was crushed in the Battle of Berlin in April–May 1945.
 * The 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking was involved in several major battles on the Eastern Front.
 * Volunteer Legion Netherlands, manned by Dutch volunteers and German officers, battled the Soviet army from 1941. In December 1943, it became a brigade after fighting on the front around Leningrad. It was at Leningrad that the first European volunteer, a Dutchman, earned the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross: Gerardus Mooyman. In December 1944, it became the 23rd SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nederland and fought in Courland and Pomerania. It met its end scattered across Germany. The 49. SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Regiment "de Ruyter" fought at the Oder and surrendered on 3 May 1945 to the Americans.

48. SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Regiment "General Seyffardt" however was split up into two groups. The first of these fought with Kampfgruppe Vieweger and was defeated in the fighting near Halbe. The few remaining survivors were captured by the Soviets. The other half of "General Seyffart" fought with Korpsgruppe Tettau and surrendered to the western Allies k

French military volunteers
French volunteers formed the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (LVF), Légion impériale, SS-Sturmbrigade Frankreich and finally in 1945 the 33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French), helpful.

Admin Law

 * nullité du contrat
 * Nullity of the contract

nullité absolu
 * Term used when positive law applies

Nullité relatif
 * Term used when natural law applies

The plaintiff is the person who considers himself to be the victim of an offense in respect of which public action has been initiated, by the public prosecutor or the dean of the investigating judges, before the criminal courts and who intends, on this title, obtain compensation for his loss.

This particular procedure makes it possible to combine civil action and criminal action. Once the court has ruled on the criminal case, it considers civil claims for damages.

The constitution of a civil party

To be able to constitute a civil party, you must:

to have the status of victim, that is to say to be the victim of direct and personal damage; have an interest in acting; have standing to act on the day the action is brought.

Procedure

There are two ways to become a civil party: action and intervention. In addition, the victim can take criminal action without becoming a civil party, by means of direct summons.

By way of action

Since the law of July 1, 2007, the constitution of a civil party is subject to the filing of a complaint following which the public prosecutor renounces to exercise public action or remains silent for 3 months.

It should be noted that the constitution of a civil party is possible for crimes and misdemeanors in electoral matters and with regard to press offences, without it preceding a simple complaint.

By way of intervention

This allows you to become a civil party in a procedure in which the public prosecutor is already prosecuting the perpetrator of an offence. The constitution of a civil party must then take place at the latest during the hearing of the first instance, before the public prosecutor speaks.

The direct quote

The direct summons by the victim is a means of legal action which does not require the constitution of a civil party. This mode of action is valid for offenses of the fine or misdemeanor type but cannot be used for crimes.

During a direct summons, no instruction is made by the public prosecutor or an investigating judge, and the victim must himself provide sufficient proof of the guilt of the perpetrator of the offense when the hearing as well as the extent of the damage suffered, if applicable. During this procedure, the victim sends by bailiff to the person prosecuted the notification of the facts which are reproached to him as well as the date of hearing which will have been fixed in agreement with the parquet floor.

When a victim files a complaint with civil action, he can no longer make a direct summons to the author for the same facts.

If the person prosecuted is acquitted, the latter may sue the initiator of the direct summons for the defense costs incurred in the proceedings.

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RS & other stuff to save

 * in Belarus as an authority on Ukrainian military,


 * that Greek book

perfectly good guitar
 * |TBGitzTL


 * Piotrus reference