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Frespañol (WIKI PAGE)

Frespañol (more commonly frañol or fragnol), is a portmanteau of the words français and español, which mean French and Spanish mixed together, usually in informal settings. This example of code-switching is a mixture between French and Spanish, almost always in speech, but may be used in writing occasionally.

Such code-switching may be used or has been used in places where both languages meet, for example in Equatorial Guinea, among Haitians in the Dominican Republic, by first-generation Spaniards in France, or Latin American community in Montreal, Canada. This code-switching has historical and current presence in North, Central and South America.

Historically, the Isleños in Louisiana were also exposed to and accustomed to living with both languages, as were numerous French emigrant communities across Latin America (e.g. French Argentines), whose descendants have overwhelmingly adopted Spanish.

During World War II many French immigrant communities flourished in the Americas, maintaining frañol a historically and currently observable example of code-switching in English, Spanish, and French-speaking countries

LEADING TITLES

USES AND CALQUES

Kandi

https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/handle/10324/18489/TFG_F_2016_150.pdf?sequence=1

https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/978727/1/Loya_MA_F2014.pdf.pdf

Frespañol forms part of a structure of sociolinguistics, it is a social and cultural code born from the contact of French and Spanish speakers. In its early days, the Frespañol was used in individual form meaning there was no set form to follow, everyone used their own variant of it. Now, it is more commonly used amongst the first generation of immigrants who utilize it more so when speaking Spanish. Calques are introduced by bilinguals, switching from one language to another words are borrowed. For example, in this phrase in French "Je m'assome à la fenêtre” we see the spanish word "asomarse" adapting to the sentence. These code changes are adapted to the context of the speaker.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/24548797?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=oGh5C6DwZowC&oi=fnd&pg=PT47&dq=french+and+spanish+loanwords&ots=qazSZyOzPb&sig=Ph9V90eO8Lnbtd3DQgsK0T7TX2E#v=onepage&q=french%20and%20spanish%20loanwords&f=false

IDENTITY

The use of Frespañol is often reflective of a minority group with two cultural identities regarding language. Similar to Spanglish, the hybrid language of Frespañol incorporates French and Spanish as a subset of both language, which then has created a separate individuality and selfhood of heritages and cultural backgrounds. This often helps individuals of Frespañol with their identification of either group, or both at the same time while creating a separate identify of their own. As with Spanglish, this association allows for speakers to code-switch and also implement heritage, with the ability to shift when it is needed most and depending on environment. Apart from code-switching and creating a subset of the languages used, it allows for a separate identify in both heritage and cultural. This dual identity is reflected in social media and other platforms.

As the hybrid language of Frespañol grows and gains a prominent recognition, access to it has been made available in audio and online formats.

This identification and association to Frespanol (Fragnol) allows for identification of mistakes from non Frespanol speakers and visibility to inclusion or exclusion to be able to identify as a Fragnol speaker. Common example mistakes include taking the wrong word due to its similarity in one language and the assumption it translates the same with the other. For example: Me exprimire to mean, "I express myself", as the French translation is m'exprimer. However, in standard Spanish, exprimire is translated to: squeezing. It is understood that Frespanol speakers would not make this mistake and be aware of the appropriate phrase to use.

HISTORY

Frespañol is an acronym of French (Frances) and Spanish (Español), Fragnol in French. This dialect is the effect of a blend of two cultures. It began during the 20th century hundreds of thousands of Spaniards migrated to France in search of better living conditions. It first began with men migrating to France and then later on they would migrate their families into the country. It should also be noted that the people from Spain that migrated to France did not all pick up the French language. Post WWI France needed to be rebuilt, which paved way to a lot of job opportunities for the Spaniards in France.The spaniards had their own communities in cities such as Paris, Toulouse, Bordeaux and Lyon, where they spoke their mother tongue. The rise and development of Frespañol was in 1960s-1970's. The Spanish workers knew very little French and the French employers knew very little Spanish, regardless they had to communicate with each other, that's when Frespañol surged naturally and it was commonly found used with people working everyday jobs such as maids, construction workers and in the automotive sector. The people that spoke it were typically from lower class communities.

http://www.cronicasdelaemigracion.com/media/cronicas/books/unsiglodeinmigracionespanolaenfranciaweb.pdf

https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/46570/BecerraHiraldo_Geolinguistica.pdf?sequence=8&isAllowed=y

BOUNDARIES AND CULTURAL IMPACTS

The main geographic boundary where Frespañol is present happens to be along the border of Spain and France. As mentioned previously in the page, the initial flow of Spanish immigrants to France from the beginning of the 20th century up until the 60s-70s occured for economic reasons and was the origin for this language merge. These migrations were the primary source for Frespañol, originating with the Spanish incorporating their language of origin with that of their new home country.

https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/handle/10324/18489/TFG_F_2016_150.pdf?sequence=1

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3303445.pdf

Briyanna

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312976783_La_influencia_del_frances_en_el_espanol_contemporaneo

https://www.jstor.org/stable/24156297?seq=1

RESOURCES