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Bates alumni have included leaders in science, religion, politics, the Peace Corps, medicine, law, education, communications, and business; and acclaimed actors, architects, artists, astronauts, engineers, human rights activists, inventors, musicians, philanthropists, and writers. As of 2015, there are 24,000 Bates College Alumni. In 2016, two Bates alumni were featured on the Forbes ' 30 Under 30 list. The college has extended honorary degrees to numerous leaders of society and received notable commencement speakers such as: U.S. President Calvin Coolidge, American novelist Robert Frost, and U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

Business and finance
Alumni of Bates have yielded considerable influence in the worlds of business and finance. In 1860 the college graduated Albert Newman, who would go on to establish the largest dry goods cooperation in the history of Kansas, Newman's Dry Goods Company. Three years later in 1863 the college graduated media magnate Daniel Collamore Heath who founded D. C. Heath and Company, which later became one of the first educational publishing firms in the United States, Houghton Mifflin. Bates has graduated various notable C-Level executives including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of General Mills, Robert Kinney (1938), Executive Chairman of Hannaford Brothers James Moody (1953), CEO of AIM Broadcasting John Douglas (1860), CEO of Central National Gottesman James Wallach (1964), CEO of Playtex Rick Powers (1967), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) & Chief Operating Officer (COO) of Merrill Lynch Joseph Willit (1973), CEO of Cedar Gate Technologies David Snow (1976), CEO of Cubist Pharmaceuticals who produced the most profitable launch of an antibiotic in the history of the United States Michael Bonney (1980), Vice-President of Microsoft Rick Thompson (1980), Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) of L.L.Bean Stephen Fuller (1982), President of the National Bank of Canada Louis Vachon (1983), CEO of Japonica Partners Paul Kazarian (1978) and Group Publisher of the Harvard Business Review Group Joshua Macht (1991).

Politics, military and legal studies
The alumni of Bates have also made a sizable impact in the worlds of government, military and law. Edmund Muskie graduated from the college in 1936, and subsequently became a State Representative, Governor of Maine, a Senator, and eventually the 58th United States Secretary of State. He ran with Hubert Humphrey in the 1968 Presidential Election against Richard Nixon and lost by a margin of less than 1%. Robert F. Kennedy came to Bates in pursuit of the college's V-12 program and received a V-12 degree in 1944, subsequently becoming the United States Attorney General. The college has graduated United States Representatives John Swasey (1859), Carroll Beedy (1903), Charles Clason (1911), Donald Partridge (1914), Frank Coffin (1940), Leo Ryan (1943), and in 1974 graduated the current Chairman of the Judiciary Committee Bob Goodlatte. During the American Civil War, Bates graduated many notable soldiers, commanders, and infantrymen. In 1862, the college graduated Holman Melcher, who would go on to lead the defense of Little Round Top in the Battle of Gettysburg, become Mayor of Portland and famously be promoted to three different ranks during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House alone, being designated Brevet Major at its conclusion. The college also graduated Medal of Honor recipients Frederick Hayes (1861), Josiah Chase (1861), Joseph F. Warren (1862), the oldest surviving Civil War General Aaron Daggett (1860), and the infamous Klu Klux Klan suppressor James Porter (1863); for his service in the Korean War Lewis Millet (1943) also received the Medal of Honor.

Bates graduated the first executive appointment by U.S. President Benjamin Harris and 2nd U.S. Minister to Columbia John Abbot in 1871, and in 1897 graduated the first Governor of Maine to be elected by a direct primary Carl Milliken. In 1884, Bates graduated the first female lawyer in Montana, first female candidate for Montana Attory General and the first women to argue in front of the U.S. Supreme Court Ella Haskell. Prince Somayou of the Bassa tribe of West Africa Louis Penick Clinton graduated from the college in 1897. Civil rights leader, the 6th president of Morehouse College and personal mentor to Martin Luther King, Benjamin Mays graduated in 1920; he is the namesake of the college's Benjamin Mays Center.

Bates has had a notable impact on the Maine Supreme Court in such that it has graduated two Chief Justices, Vincent McKusick (1943), Albert Spear (1875), and six Associate Justices, Enoch Foster (1860), Scott Wilson (1892), Randolph Weatherbee (1932), David Nichols (1942), Louis Scolnick (1945), and Morton Brody (1955).

Academia and administration
The college has graduated many prominent members of academia and its administration. Ransom Dunn, class of 1840, became the first president of Hillsdale College and the fourth president of Rio Grande College. Founder of Harvard-Westlake School Grenville Emery graduated in 1868. Other notable administrators in academia include: President of University of Connecticut George Flint (1871), President of University of Colorado James Baker (1873), President of Rhode Island College and Johnson State College Walter Ranger (1879), President of Nichols College Gordon Cross (1931), President of Skidmore College Val Wilson (1938), President of Babson College William Rankin Dill (1951), Founder and President of Christendom College Warren Carroll (1953), President of Shaw University and Morgan State University King Virgil Cheek (1959). Robert Witt, graduated in 1962, served as the president of the University of Texas, the University of Alabama, subsequently reaching the highest academic position of higher education in Alabama, the Chancellor of the University of Alabama System. Academic Richard Gelles (1968), is the current Dean of University of Pennsylvania's School of Social Policy and Practice. Economist Scott Bierman (1977), was elected the president of Beloit College in 2009. Valerie Smith (1969), was elected the third female and the first African American president of Swarthmore College.

Arts and literature
Many Batesies have gone on to notable careers in the arts and literature. The first women to graduate from a New England college, Mary Mitchell (1869), became the Chair of English at Vassar College. Emmy Award winning 15-year host of The Today Show, Bryant Gumbel graduated in 1970. Other notable writers and novelists include: Pulitzer and Emmy Award winning author Elizabeth Strout (1977), and New York Times bestselling author Lisa Genova (1983). The current Editor-in-Chief of The Boston Globe Brian McGrory graduated in 1984. Notable members of media include, Baywatch actor David Chokachi (1990), and Cannes Film Festival-winning filmmaker Daniel Stedman (2001).

Mathematics and sciences
Although a smaller school, the alumni of Bates have made a sizable impact in the world of mathematics and sciences. Frank Haven Hall graduated from the college in 1862, known as the "father of Braille", and is contested as the inventor of the first typewriter in the United States along with Christopher Latham Sholes. His inventions in Braille typewriters have been hailed as "the most innovative development of communications for the blind in the 19th century," and is known for his encounter with Hellen Keller at the Chicago World Fair. Other prominent inventor include Steven Girvin, class of 1964, who invented the fractional quantum Hall effect. Other notable scientists and mathematicians include: John Irwin Hutchinson (1889) who wrote Differential and Integral Calculus (1902) and the Elementary Treatise on the Calculus (1912), biologist Herbert Walter (1892) who wrote the 1913 biology reflective series The Human Skeleton, Manhattan project scientists Frances Carroll (1939) and John Googin (1944), President of National Medical Association John Kenney (1942), Chemist George Hammond graduated in 1943, he was member of the National Academy of Sciences, served as the Executive Chairman of the Allied Chemical Coporation for ten years and is famously known as the inventor of Hammond's postulate.

Athletics
Alumni and associates of the college have also contributed to the world of athletics, sports management and professional sponsorships.

Founding member of the Boston Red Sox, Harry Lord graduated in 1908, and played the very first baseball of the Red Sox two years after his graduation in 1911. In 1927, the college graduated another member of the Red Sox, Charles Small, who pitched for the team for ten years.

Frank Keaney graduated in 1911, and is credited as the inventor of baseball's fast break. Overall the college has graduated 11 Olympians, including: Emily Bamford, Hayley Johnson, Justin Freeman, Mike Ferry, Nancy Fiddler, Arnold Adams, Art Sager, Ray Buker, Harlan Holden, and Vaughn Blanchard. Andrew Byrnes, class of 2005, won the Olympic Gold Medal Rowing for the Canadian National Team.