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Jeanne Mammen (21 November 1890 – 22 April 1976) was a German painter, illustrator, and printmaker. Her work is associated with the New Objectivity, Symbolism, and Cubism movements. She is best known for her depictions of strong, sensual women and Berlin city life during the Weimar period.

Early Years
She started her studies at Académie Julian, one of few art schools at the time that taught women with the same rigor as men. When her family relocated to Brussels, she studied at The Royal Academy of Fine Arts in 1908.

Weimer Period
Mammen was an avid reader of modernist literature, and translated Arthur Rimbaud's Illuminations.

World War II
Add 2 existing paragraphs "In 1933... a few fine marks on the surface" to this section

Edited for clarity: "The Nazis also opposed her blatant disregard for 'appropriate' female submissiveness in the expressions of her subjects as well as the lesbian imagery found in many of her works.

Style and Methods
She worked in a variety of mediums, including watercolor, oil, lithography, and sculpture but is most known for her Weimer period (1919-33) works in watercolor and graphite. Her style during this time was characterized by "a simplified, elegant line with a wash of color added later [which] made her popular among high-circulation magazines and journals".

During this time, she was a part of the New Objectivity movement, in which artists attempted to reconcile with a post-WWI Germany by looking at societal issues with "meticulous detail and violent satire". Under the Nazi regime, she experimented in secret with Cubism and Expressionism to rebel against the government's banning of "degenerate" art. She was particularly inspired by Picasso and his Guernica.

Themes
Mammen's works focused largely on female subjects and female relationships, both platonic and romantic. Many of her female subjects displayed characteristics of the "New Woman '' of 1920's Berlin - fashionable, independent, and relatively sexually liberated. In her Weimer period illustrations and watercolors, she "addressed the changing roles of women. From the vamp, the naive and young, to the bourgeois and the intellectual, she depicted the complexities of being a New Woman struggling with emerging roles."

Many of her works also centered around homosexuality and challenging traditional gender roles. She included 14 of her illustrations in Curt Moreck's Guide to Depraved Berlin, published in 1931, a guide to the lesbian and gay scene in Berlin. Her contributions depicted prostitutes, women-only nightclubs, and bars of the city. She also provided illustrations for Les Chansons de Bilitis, a collection of lesbian love poems. According to Lydia Bohmert, in contrast with her contemporaries, Mammen "viewed the homosexual subculture with understanding".

Legacy
===I'm creating the Legacy section and adding 2 subsections - Exhibitions (existing paragraph, changed around order & wording to improve flow & concision) and Foundation and Jeanne Mammen Apartment Museum (new). ===

Exhibitions
In the 1970s there was a resurgence of interest in Mammen's early work as German art historians and art historians of the women's movement rediscovered her paintings and illustrations from the Weimar period. In 2010 the Des Moines Art Center exhibited 13 watercolor paintings done by Mammen which were inspired by Berlin in the Weimer era. In 2013 her later, more abstract work, was featured in "Painting Forever!", a large-scale exhibition held during Berlin Art Week. The Berlinische Galerie mounted a major exhibition of Mammen's work in 2017-2018, titled, "Jeanne Mammen: Die Beobachterin: Retrospektive 1910–1975" (Jeanne Mammen: The Observer: Retrospective 1910–1975), which included more than 170 works in various media, covering the period from the 1920s to her later work post-1960s. The show was an update to the Galerie's 1997 show at the Martin Gropius Bau, which featured primarily works from the 1920s.

Foundation and Jeanne Mammen Apartment Museum
The Jeanne Mammen Foundation created a museum of Jeanne's studio apartment at Kurfürstendamm 29, which she lived and worked in for over 50 years. Since the foundation's dissolution in 2018, the Stadtmuseum Berlin runs the museum.

Quote

 * "I always wished to be just a pair of eyes, to explore the world without being seen, only to see others." — Jeanne Mammen