User:Emilyflint/Environmental toxicants and fetal development

Cadmium
Cadmium is a heavy metal that the United States Environmental Protection Agency classifies as a probable human carcinogen. People are often exposed to cadmium through various industrial and agricultural sources, and diet is considered the primary exposure method. The heavy metal has been shown to cause damage to the kidneys, bones, and neurological systems. Pregnant women are at higher risk of health issues from cadmium due to increased absorption of the metal during pregnancy. Cadmium can also pose health risks to the fetus,  some of which may be lifelong, as it interferes with placental function and fetal development. There has been evidence of changes in birth size associated with high levels of cadmium exposure, particularly in female children. Although studies show that low metal levels can affect pregnancy outcomes, more studies must be done to confirm these effects, establish updated exposure limitation guidelines, and explore ways to decrease exposure, particularly during pregnancy.