User:Emmyminer/sandbox

First Draft of Iceland in World War II Edits
At the beginning of World War II, Iceland was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark, with King Christian X as head of state. Iceland officially remained neutral throughout World War II. However, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. On 7 July 1941, the defense of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the United States, which was still a neutral country until five months later. On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic, which remains to this day.

I added citations in this paragraph.

Shedden suggestion: the second to the last sentence is slightly awkward.

Background[edit]
German interest in Iceland in the 1930s grew from nothing at all to proportions found by the British government to be alarming. The Third Reich's overtures began with friendly competition between German and Icelandic football teams. When war began, Denmark and Iceland declared neutrality and limited visits to the island by military vessels and aircraft of the belligerents. Iceland was coveted by both Germany and the Allies because of its location ..The Allies feared that if Germany were able to occupy Iceland, much like they had invaded similar small, nearby countries, they would have direct access to launch an attack against Britain specifically, and other allied powers.

Shedden suggestion: This is good information, but reorganize a bit. Put all of the stuff about Germany's interest in one paragraph and all of the stuff about the Allies in another. Maybe start with Iceland's general response.

Neutrality[edit]
During the German occupation of Denmark, contact between the countries was disrupted. Initially, the Kingdom of Iceland declared itself to be neutral, and limited visits of belligerent warships and imposed a ban on belligerent aircraft within Icelandic territory.

Following the invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940 Iceland opened a legation in New York City. Iceland, however, unlike Norway, did not closely enforce limitations within its territorial waters and even slashed funding for the Icelandic Coast Guard. Many Axis merchant vessels seeking shelter within the neutral waters around Iceland were sunk by Allied warships. The Chief of the Capital Police Forces, Agnar Kofoed-Hansen, started to train the National Defence forces in early 1940.

Invasion[edit]
Main article: Invasion of Iceland Footage of Iceland in November 1941 to early spring 1942 The British imposed strict export controls on Icelandic goods, preventing profitable shipments to Germany, as part of its naval blockade. London offered assistance to Iceland, seeking cooperation "as a belligerent and an ally", but Reykjavik declined and reaffirmed its neutrality. The German diplomatic presence in Iceland, along with the island's strategic importance, alarmed the British. After a few failed attempts at persuading the Icelandic government by diplomatic means to join the Allies and becoming a co-belligerent in the war against the Axis forces, the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940. The initial force of 746 British Royal Marines commanded by Colonel Robert Sturges was replaced on 17 May by two regular army brigades. In June the first elements of "Z" Force arrived from Canada to relieve the British, who immediately returned to the defence of the UK. Three Canadian battalions — the Royal Regiment of Canada, the Cameron Highlanders and the Fusiliers Mont-Royal — garrisoned the island until drawn down for the defence of the UK in the spring of 1941, and replaced by British garrison forces.

On 7 July 1941, the defence of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the (still officially neutral) United States, by agreement with Iceland, and US Marines 1st Provisional Marine Brigade replaced the British. Iceland's strategic position along the North Atlantic sea-lanes, perfect for air and naval bases, could bring new importance to the island. The 1st Marine Brigade, consisting of approximately 4,100 troops, garrisoned Iceland until early 1942, when they were replaced by U.S. Army troops, so that they could join their fellow Marines fighting in the Pacific.

Iceland cooperated with the British and then the Americans, but officially remained neutral throughout World War II.

Some researchers theorize that Iceland and similar small countries

Life in Occupied Iceland[edit]
Main article: Occupation of Iceland

'''British troops arrived and many stayed in the city of Reykjavik, causing much social disruption among the citizens. Women and young girls were thought to have had sexual relationships with the British soldiers . Reports also showed an increase in prostitution .'''

The United States officially took over for the British troops on 7 July 1941. Although the United States replaced British soldiers, it was noted that the British would still have access to the bases on Iceland.

During the war, drifting mines became a serious problem for Icelanders, as well as the Allied forces. The first Icelandic Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel were trained in 1942 by the British Royal Navy to help deal with the problem. The British forces also supplied the Icelandic Coast Guard with weapons and ammunition, such as depth-charges against Axis U-boats. During the war, drifting mines and German U-boats damaged and sank a number of Icelandic vessels. Iceland's reliance on the sea, to provide nourishment and for trade, resulted in significant loss of life. In 1944, British Naval Intelligence built a group of five Marconi wireless direction-finding stations on the coast west of Reykjavík. The stations were part of a ring of similar groups located around the North Atlantic to locate wireless transmissions from U-boats.

On 10 February 1944, German Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor from the I./KG 40, stationed in Norway, sank the British tanker SS El Grillo at Seyðisfjörður.

On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic.

Shedden suggestions: Your second sentence is a little awkward. If you have more examples of social disruption, provide them. You will need to add more about the U.S. since that information appears in other sections. Careful to avoid repeating yourself.

Casualties[edit]
Approximately 230 Icelanders' lives were lost in World War II hostilities. Most of these casualties coming from German attack or forces in water.

Added citations and rewrote section, as the second sentence was taken word for word from the source.

Shedden suggestions: Make this into two sentences and try to add just a little more information if you have it.

Aftermath and legacy[edit]
The presence of British and American troops in Iceland had a lasting impact on the country. Engineering projects, initiated by the occupying forces – especially the building of Reykjavík Airport – brought employment to many Icelanders. This was the so-called Bretavinna or “Brit labour”. Also, the Icelanders had a source of revenue by exporting fish to the United Kingdom.

There was large-scale interaction between young Icelandic women and soldiers, which came to be known as Ástandið ("the condition" or "situation") in Icelandic. Many Icelandic women married Allied soldiers and subsequently gave birth to children, many of whom bore the patronymic Hansson (hans translates as "his" in Icelandic), which was used because the father was unknown or had left the country. Some children born as a result of the Ástandið have English surnames.

The only film made in this time period, and about the war, was a musical called Iceland '''. Iceland was not filmed in nor particularly about Iceland. Many years later, a two-part documentary was released called the Occupation Years 1940-1945. This documentary examines how World War II affected Iceland and its population, using stock footage and interviews to assess the impact .'''

Shedden suggestions: The first sentence is a little awkward. The paragraph above the one that you added seems to fit nicely with the Life in Occupied Iceland section that you had earlier.

Thinking about sources assignment: Iceland in World War II
Potential Sources:

Duel in the Clouds: America's first aerial victory against the Luftwaffe came far from Europe, off Iceland. Author: CG Sweeting. Published in Aviation History Jan. 1st 2013.

World War 2 in Iceland 1940-42 and HMS Hecla by Gavin Fryer.

Britain, the United States, and the Militarization of Iceland 1945-1951 by Valur Ingimundarson published in Scandinavian Journal of History.

Iceland's rise, fall, stabilisation and beyond by Robert H. Wade and Silla Sigurgeirsdottir published in the Cambridge Jounral of Economics.

Proceedings of the American-British Joint Chiefs of Staff conferences held in Washington, D.C. on twelve occasions between December 24,1941 and January 14, 1942 in two parts, part 1 13 minutes of the conference, part II 13 approved documents. Periodical. Requested through library loan.

The uninvited guests: Britain's military forces in Iceland, 1940-1942. Thesis from University of Chester 2012.

Iceland's External Affairs from the Napoleonic Era to the occupation of Denmark: Danish and British Shelter. Baldur Thorhallsson, Tomas Joensen. 2015.

A final appraisal of the British Occupation of Iceland, 1940-1942. Donald F. Bittner. 1975.

The influence of domestic politics on the defense policy of Iceland. Craig S. Campbell. Naval War College Review. 1970.

Iceland's 1100 years: the history of a marginal society. Gunnar Karlsson 2000.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the American Occupation of Iceland by Michael T. Corgan.

A theory of shelter: Iceland's American Period (1941-2006). Baldur Thorhallsson, Sverrir Steinsson & Thorsteinn Kristinsson. Scandinavian Journal of History 2018.

== Article Evaluation == The article is clearly biased towards the author's point of view. The author tries to argue what the author meant by passages in the text.

The author of the article inserts a lot of personal opinions.

The tone is not very mature, it reads more like an argumentative English paper from high school, rather than an encyclopedia article.

The article should be summarized more, instead of being written like a synopsis.

Research notes, 9/25
Hi, Emily and Alexis! You have been assigned the topic of St. Petersburg's Dr. Carter G. Woodson African American Museum, which does not yet have its own article. Here are your research notes from class on 9/25:


 * What is the museum about?
 * Why is it important to St. Pete?
 * Are there sources about the museum?

I should also note that I have contacted the director of the museum to let her know we might potentially be creating a Wikipedia article on this topic, and she seems enthusiastic about this project. I would be happy to get you connected to her if you think it would help.

-Prof. Hagood

Research Notes, 10/4/18
Dr. Carter G. Woodson African American Museum.

Potential sources:

https://www.tampabay.com/news/localgovernment/st-petersburg-mayor-announces-plan-to-purchase-controversial-woodson/2220726

In 2015, the city of St. Petersburg announced a plan to buy the museum from the St. Pete housing authority, which tried to reclaim the building.

http://theweeklychallenger.com/tag/dr-carter-g-woodson-african-american-museum/

A collection of weekly challenger articles that all mention the museum.

Wikipedia articles to link to:

Housing authority

Carter G. Woodson

Association for the Study of African American Life and History

Saint Petersburg

Books from Eckerd Library

Requested 7 books to be explored.

Lead Section
The museum is named after Dr. Carter G. Woodson, an African American historian and civil rights activist. According to the museum's executive director Terri Lipsey Scott, the museum held a contest to determine the name of the museum where children of the community nominated and chose names they preferred, resulting with Dr. Carter G. Woodson taking the winning majority vote. Dr. Carter G. Woodson is best known as the founder of Black History Month, as well as the second African American man to graduate Harvard with a doctorate degree. The museum is located in southwest St. Petersburg, FL in the Jordan Park district. The museum holds historical and cultural importance to the community of St. Petersburg, hosting a variety of exhibits and events throughout its years. The museum also has a Legacy Garden where paths through the garden were constructed with bricks that have the names of donors to the museum on them.

History
Renovation to the original Jordan Park housing project developments led to the foundation of the Dr. Carter G. Woodson museum in 2006. An amount of 27 million dollars under the Hope VI grant was given by HUD to the St. Petersburg Housing Authority in 1997 in order to aid with the revitalization of the Jordan Park public housing. The museum building was previously used as the Jordan Park administrative offices. Originally a dirt lot behind the museum, the St. Petersburg leadership class of 2008 took on the project of transforming the lot into a garden space that could be used for events at the museum. The garden was designed with the motto “leaving a legacy.” Stone bricks with donors names line the walkway throughout the garden.

Mission
The Dr. Carter G. Woodson African American Museum has two mission statements according to the museum's website. The first mission statement is "to preserve, present, and interpret African American history and to engage a broad and diverse audience through these activities." The second mission statement is "to promote an understanding among various groups that comprise the St. Petersburg community to enhance our ability as a society to respect, value diversity, and foster equal rights and social justice."

Prominent Staff
The current executive director of the museum as of November 2018 is Terri Lipsey Scott, who won an impact award from the African American Heritage Association of St. Petersburg in 2017. The award was for her dedication to the museum and the African American community of the city. The museum's current board as of November 2018 consists of Ray Arsenault, Dana Battle, Frechette Bradley, Yolanda Hudson, Erika Lopez, Thelma McCloud, and Carol M. Motley.

Programs
Terri Lipsey Scott, the museum's executive director, stated that the museum displays temporary exhibits of artwork from African American artists around the entire state of Florida as well as some from other states such as Georgia. She also mentioned that a permanent installation of artwork is currently being planned. The museum hosts a variety of events, such as chatting with the chief, weddings, birthdays, art walks, and festivals. The event "Chatting with the Chief" is where in 2014 newly appointed Chief of Police, Anthony Holloway, pledged open access to members of the community to ask him questions at the Dr. Carter G. Woodson museum during designated times.

Impact
The Dr. Carter G. Woodson Museum has impacted the St. Petersburg area by helping to maintain the history of African Americans in the area from the time of the late 1800s to the present. The museum is a reminder to those in the community of how much it has grown over time and all that has changed.

Reflective Questions 10/29
1) How did you decide on the title? Why is it suitable?

Chose the name of the museum as the title because it is the most relevant to article while also directing people to what they are looking for.

2) How do you evaluate the lead section? What did you do well, what needs improvement?

We covered the topics that we could, but more sources are needed in order to provide information on all topics we plan to cover. Our lead section is more of a rough draft with information missing that we plan to fill in later once we obtain more information.

3) How did you select topics and headings? Is it consistent with the guidelines given? What additional research is needed to fill in these sections?

Selected based on the guidelines given, they are consistent with the guidelines. Additional research on the impact of the museum on the St. Petersburg area is needed, as well as sources for the awards and recognition section that are not from a first party and are located on a notable website..

4) Are there gaps in the reference list? Are more sources needed?

We have a lot of newspaper articles, not many book sources. More sources are needed to fill informational gaps, preferably books. Plan on requesting books from inter-library loan.

5) What other items do you want to add? Info. box, pictures, etc.?

We want to add pictures of the museum from our visit once we go. Possibly an info. box as well.