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Public mental health article

Potential references for Public Mental Health Article:

Goldston, Stephen E. Mental Health Considerations In Public Health : a Guide for Training and Practice. Chevy Chase, Md: [U. S. National Institute of Mental Health, 1969.

Eaton, William W. Public Mental Health. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Knifton, Lee, and Neil Quinn. Public Mental Health: Global Perspectives. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education, 2013.

Rizq, Rosemary. "Perverting The Course Of Therapy: The Fetishisation Of Governance In Public Sector Mental Health Services." Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 28.3 (2014): 249-266 18p. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 2 Mar. 2016.

Mendenhall, Amy N., and Susan Frauenholtz. "Mental Health Literacy: Social Work's Role In Improving Public Mental Health." Social Work 58.4 (2013): 365-368 4p. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 2 Mar. 2016.

Haruhiko, Tatebayashi, et al. "PUBLIC HEALTH. Importance Of Mental Health Services At Public Health Centers And The Greater Need For That Role: Recent Trends And An In-Depth Investigation Of Mental Health And Welfare Consultations At Public Health Centers." International Medical Journal 21.5 (2014): 456-458 3p. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 2 Mar. 2016.

"Medicaid Expansion Under The Affordable Care Act: Potential Changes In Receipt Of Mental Health Treatment Among Low-Income Nonelderly Adults With Serious Mental Illness." American Journal Of Public Health 105.10 (2015): 1982-1989 8p. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 2 Mar. 2016.

Contribution of the Nordic School of Public Health to the public mental health research field: a selection of research initiatives, 2007–2014. Anna K. Forsman, et. al.

Journal of Public Mental Health. Brighton, East Sussex: Pavilion, 2005.

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5434a1.htm

Excellent. I look forward to discussing this more. Super interesting topic. Gingerninjagirl (talk) 15:04, 7 March 2016 (UTC)

Article Lead Rough Draft (3/21/16): Public Mental Health

Public mental health seeks to prevent, screen, diagnose and treat mental illness, and promote and prolong the mental health of populations. Mental illness is a health condition that is “characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning (1).” Mental public health refers not only to the lack of mental illness, but to the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of people on a large scale. Because of the severity of the impairment that many mental disorders cause, the disease burden of mental illness on the global population is significant. From 1990 to 2020, The World Bank and WHO predict that public mental illness will increase from 10.5% of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) to nearly 15% in 2020 (2). When large populations suffer from a very high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and demoralization, it becomes difficult to diagnose cases of mental illness across different cultural subgroups (3). Due to the lack of consensus on diagnostic thresholds, public mental health as a discipline was overlooked until the 1980s (4). Today there are many areas of public mental health research including psychiatric epidemiology, psychiatric and behavioral epidemiology, global mental health, drug and alcohol dependency epidemiology, mental health and aging, autism and developmental disabilities, and prevention research (5).

1 )http://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/basics.htm 2 )http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/41864/1/0965546608_eng.pdf 3) https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uUEOBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Public+Mental+Health&ots=jGC79JLe-Z&sig=2Qp5snL0Zu0wRgfZBY0mSnjeBEk#v=onepage&q&f=false 4) http://www.oxfordsdcholarship.com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.001.0001/acprof-9780195390445-chapter-17 5) http://www.jhsph.edu/departments/mental-health/research-areas/

6) http://reader.eblib.com/(S(vfwbnauqhhhl50vk1gfsrmzf))/Reader.aspx?p=1142858&o=358&u=emoriar1&t=1461809031&h=8B6D0F8A83E8716DD607D51F42E4E774BB7F92B9&s=44714369&ut=1083&pg=1&r=img&c=-1&pat=n&cms=-1&sd=2#

7) http://www.who.int/mental_health/en/

8) Global mental health

9) http://www.jhsph.edu/departments/mental-health/research-areas/

(My part of our "Public Mental Health" article rough draft) (4/27/16)

3. Mission

The mission of public mental health is prevention and promotion of mental health-- to develop, implement, and assess the ways in which the incidence of disease can be minimized (4). Public mental health efforts focus on preventive measures rather then typical treatment methods, as treatment only reaches a small percentage of people suffering from mental disorders. Mental health promotion seeks to “employ(s) various public health strategies to reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors for mental ill health as well as strengthen protective factors to promote resilience in the face of risk” (6). In fact, in a survey conducted in 2010 by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (SAMHSA), results showed that fewer than 4 in 10 adults with mental illness in the United States received necessarily treatment the prior year (4). Contributing to this is the fact that many mental disorders are chronic conditions that require long-term treatment and follow-up.

Prevention has a history of success in the field of public health (6). Additionally, there are economic benefits, with cost savings seen in less expenditure due to workplace unproductivity, absence at work, in the criminal and juvenile justice systems, and lost educational opportunities (4). The spectrum of mental health intervention can be visualized in Figure 1.

Public mental health service is supported on both the individual and public level, focusing on interventions for both the promotion of good mental health as well as the prevention of mental disorders. Figure 2 displays the levels of these services. This can include community support, job searching and retention, physiological evaluation, rehab and support, etc. Due to the complexity of the social, environmental, interpersonal, and individual determinants, an ecological framework is the best method approach mental health promotion (6).

5. Public Mental Health in the US and globally

Public mental health varies on an international level due to differing cultures and conditions. In low- and middle-income countries, the disease burden of mental disorders is 8.8 and 16.6 percent, respectively (6). Recently, efforts have been focused on a “task-shifting” approach to address the discrepancy in treatment in these countries, using less specialized healthcare workers in an attempt to relieve those currently suffering (6). However, these efforts do little to minimize the incidence of mental health cases. Therefore, there is added importance in low- and middle-income countries to establish strong promotion and prevention services as well, where there are many evolving risk factors (6).

The term “Global mental health” refers to the “international perspective on different aspects of mental health.”  The goal of this field is to improve mental health worldwide via dissipating information about the variation from nation to nation, as well as to analyze the level of need in order to come up with a cost-effective intervention to satisfy those demands. (8). The World Health Organization and the World Bank are working on ways to increase the investment in mental health services (7)

7. Research

Public mental health research seeks to answer three fundamental questions-- to “estimate the of disorders in a population across people, place, and time; examine the risk and protective factors associated with a particular disorder, and explore interventions to prevent disorders or to treat them once they emerge” (4). Current research areas within this discipline include substance use epidemiology, global mental health, mental health and aging, mental health services and policy, methods, psychiatric and behavioral genetic epidemiology, and autism and developmental disabilities (9).