User:Emout20/sandbox

Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia

I went about searching by putting in the search terms "Indigenous people Latin America"

Key Words associated with the Article are "Indigenous peoples of Colombia" and "Native Colombians" as well as "ethnic groups" and "Colombia"

-In the History Section, the first sentence about how long South America has had people on it is not cited -The "Struggle for rights' section has a pop-up that it needs more citations

-There are only ten references cited. I don't know much of anything about Colombia's indigenous people so I don't know how accurate aby of it is. However, at least two of the hyperlinks in the references which is concerning because they cannot be fact checked if they cannot be found on the internet. The information in the history section jumps between time periods and is very vague. Considering that this is a start level article, the lack of in depth information is understandable.

Emout20 (talk) 23:31, 2 September 2018 (UTC)Emout20

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_activism I searched for student protests in Mexico because of the current student protests going on in Mexico at the National University. In April three film students were killed, and in August, a student disappeared and then was found dead. This is part of a huge problem in Mexico currently of young people disappearing. The article that I found discusses student activism briefly in a series of countries from Argentina to Taiwan. The section on Mexico is only three paragraphs long and talks about the Tlatelolco massacre, the Yo Soy 132 movement, and the 2014 Iguala mass kidnappings. There is no information after 2014. Descriptions of each protest are brief and the sources are mostly news articles and other Wikipedia articles. The overall rating of the article is start-class.

MAQUILADORA ARTICLE:

Adding to the intro definition:

A maquilladora ( with two Ls) is a company that allows factories to be largely duty free and tariff free. These factories generally take raw materials and assemble, manufacture or process them and export them elsewhere. Maquiladoras (with one L) refer to the workers themselves. (UDelaware article) These factories and systems are present throughout Latin America, including Mexico, Nicaragua (link) and El Salvador (add link). Specific programs and laws have made Mexico’s maquila industry grow rapidly.

Adding to/linking citations for the History Section: mexicanborder.web.unc.edu/the-bracero-program-3/

http://www.udel.edu/leipzig/texts2/vox128 .htm

Inside Mexico's Maquiladoras: Manufacturing Health Disparities by Stephanie Navarro 2014 schoolhealtheval.stanford.edu/files/StephanieNavarro_HumBio122MFinal.pdf

First Paragraph:  In 1964 the Bracero Program ended. From 1942-1964 the Bracero Program allowed men with farming experience to work on US farms on a season basis. (UNC) The Border Industrialization Program (BIP) began in about 1967 and allowed for a lowering in restrictions and duties on machinery, equipment and raw materials. Before this program, PRONAF, a national border program for infrastructure developments like building roads, parks, electricity, water, building factories, and cleaning up border cities helped to improve situations along the US-Mexico Border. With BIP, foreign firms were able to use factories build under PRONAF to import raw materials and export goods for a cheaper cost than in other countries( JSTOR). In 1989 the federal government put in place specific procedures and requirements for maquilas under the “Decree for Development and Operation of the Maquiladora Industry” (UDEL). After the Mexican debt crisis of 1980, the economy liberalized and foreign investment increased. Devaluations of the peso in 1982 and 1994 also pushed huge numbers of Mexican women into the labor force. 18% more women were part of the working force between 1970 and 1995( source 16 pg. 126). Factory jobs began to leave central Mexico and workers followed the jobs from central Mexico to the Maquilas in the north and on the border ( Navarro) *link Latin American debt crisis*

2nd paragraph:

With the introduction of NAFTA, Northern Mexico became an export processing zone, which allowed multinational corporations from the US to produce products extremely cheaply. Corporations could use a maquila to import materials and produce a good more cheaply in the US by paying Mexican laborers lower wages and paying less money in duties (Navarro).Reference 18

Adding a citation for the 3rd paragraph

Environmental Effects paragraph

Deleted a sentence w/out a citation: “This is likely due to the fact that most maquiladoras are factories that perform sewing and assembly of consumer products and many of the materials that are considered hazardous are incorporated into those products”. This sounded like a conjecture without any evidence at all to support it.

The EPA's US–Mexico Border 2012 Program has an extensive plan to help with environmental issues along that border. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-11/documents/20080903-08-p-0245.pdf

Will add to this

Will Put Working Conditions under a new category about Women

So far added: Young women are often hired more often than women, but it depends on the circumstances of the job and type of factory. However, young single women often end up in factories with better working conditions, like the electronics plants while older women and mothers work in more dangerous apparel factories. (source 16, women and globalization)

-Involuntary overtimes (106 women and globalization)

-Worker’s wages are reduced if they cannot produce the same quality output with high quantity expectations(106). Workers’ breaks are controlled by supervisors and are policed by each other. In theory there are labor unions, but many report right back to the corporations and do nothing to help the workers ( Maquilapolis). Concerns abound about workplace hazards including toxic chemicals and injuries including upper back, neck and shoulder pain.

Other categories:

Reproductive rights: Reproductive rights of women are violated due to involuntary pregnancy tests,  and forced resignations based on pregnancies ( navarro and 16).

Mobilization: Women are mobilization to fight for their rights.

I will add more information once I’ve synthesized the sources that I’ve found.

Aguilar, Delia D., Lacsamana, Anne E. (2004). Women and Globalization. New York: Humanity Books. p. 130. ISBN 1591021626.

Sklair, Leslie (2011). Assembling for Development: The Maquila Industry in Mexico and the United States

Inside Mexico's Maquiladoras: Manufacturing Health Disparities by Stephanie Navarro 2014 schoolhealtheval.stanford.edu/files/StephanieNavarro_HumBio122MFinal.pdf

Salzinger, L. (2003). Gender in Production: Making workers in Mexico’s Global Factories (2003). University of California Press, London.

Other sources that I will use:

Nathan, D. (1997). Death comes to the {maquilas}: a border story. Nineteen victims in the Juarez area constitute the biggest mass sex-murder case in Mexican history--with young women working the factories made easy prey. The Nation, 264(2), 18–22. Retrieved from

 https://ez.hamilton.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=apn&AN=ALTP32785&site=ehost-live&scope=site 

Kopinak, K. (1995). Gender As a Vehicle for the Subordination of Women Maquiladora Workers in Mexico. Latin American Perspectives, 22(1), 30-48. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2634282

Human rights watch ( from 1996)

https://www.hrw.org/news/1996/08/17/mexicos-maquiladoras-abuses-against-women-workers

Katzarova, M. (2004). Letter From Juárez. Nation, 278(12), 8. Retrieved from https://ez.hamilton.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12525480&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Moffatt, A. (2005). Murder, Mystery and Mistreatment in Mexican Maquiladoras. Women & Environments International Magazine, (66/67), 19–21. Retrieved from https://ez.hamilton.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16954800&site=ehost-live&scope=site

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27749708?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Evolution of Maquiladora Best Practices: 1965-2008 Carrilo y Zarate

Misery in the Maquiladoras by Esteban Flores hir.harvard.edu/article/?a=14424

https://www.alternet.org/labor/after-20-years-nafta-thanks-nafta-what-happened-mexican-factory-workers-

rosa-moreno

https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/01/upheaval-in-the-factories-of-juarez/424893/

The Maquilas in Mexico: A global perspective

By: Leslie Sklair

www.public.asu.edu/~idcmt/MaquilasinMexico.pd

Emout20 (talk) 16:55, 10 September 2018 (UTC)Emout20