User:Enbrand1!/sandbox

Evaluation Questions:


 * Is the article's content relevant to the topic?

Yes


 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong?

Yes, there are many things missing. It mentions there are two groups of Muslims in Cuba, but fails to mention any conflict or relationship between the groups. The article also does not describe how these groups are different and what their characteristics are.


 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?

I would say that there are no viewpoints underrepresented based on the very unbiased tone of the article.


 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?

Yes, the article is broken down into different sections.


 * How can the article be improved?

The article needs to expand on a lot of information: the origins of the religion in that area, the different religious groups of Islam in Cuba, and notable Muslims in the country. I would say the area that needs most work would be the religious groups section.

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Paragraph Rough Draft (for Peer Review)

***I changed the subject of my paragraph from the different religious groups in Cuba to the origins of Islam in Cuba because I found that the voices and representation of African slaves were not present in the article.***

Islam was largely introduced to Cuba during the colonial times (the late sixteenth century to the eighteenth century). This introduction, though, was not from colonists, but from Muslim Western African slaves who arrived in Cuba. It is said that at least 4500 Western African slaves were brought to Cuba between the years 1725 and 1805, and many more who lack proper documentation have been suggested to have arrived. The majority of these slaves were Mandinga or, as the British colonists called them, Mohammedanists. Many different groups of Africans arrived in Cuba in the nineteenth century and joined with the Mandingas because of a jihad in Western Africa. Little formal records exist on the impact of Islam on Cuba in the colonial times, but the Registry of the Court of Mixed Commission of Havana does confirm the Muslim African slaves' arrival in Cuba. Also, evidence pointing to African origins of Islam in Cuba comes from the many Islamic names found by scholars, such as Henry Lovejoy, belonging to these slaves, such as Mohammed, Hausa, and Nupe.

Paragraph Final Draft

Islam was largely introduced to Cuba during the colonial times (the late sixteenth century to the nineteenth century). This introduction, though, was not from colonists, but from Muslim Western African slaves who arrived in Cuba. Between 1808 and 1848, 49.4% (20,654) of the enslaved Muslim Africans who were captured and brought to the Americas arrived in Cuba, and many more who lack proper documentation have been suggested to have arrived. The majority of these slaves were Mandinga from Senegambia or, as the British colonists called them, Mohammedanists. Many different groups of Africans arrived in Cuba in the nineteenth century and joined with the Mandingas because of a jihad in Western Africa. Little formal records exist on the impact of Islam on Cuba in the colonial times, but the Registry of the Court of Mixed Commission of Havana does confirm the Muslim African slaves' arrival in Cuba by documented records which included a unique number to each individual, sex, name, age, height, and from which the slaves came. Also, evidence pointing to African origins of Islam in Cuba comes from the many Islamic names found by scholars, such as Henry Lovejoy, belonging to these slaves, such as Mohammed, Hausa, and Nupe. In 2011, Islam scholars also analyzed the different names found on the records from the Mixed Commission Courts of Havana to identify the names of Muslim and Arabic origin.

Annotated Bibliography

Barcia, Manuel. “West African Islam in Colonial Cuba.” Slavery & Abolition, vol. 35, no. 2, 2013, pp. 292–305., doi:10.1080/0144039x.2013.865335.

https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=23c8e2a7-9d26-4b8d-b0e3-9e85ee40a947%40pdc-v-sessmgr03


 * Summary: This article stated that Western African slaves introduced Islam to Cuba vary early in colonial Cuba.
 * This article is authoritative in this context because it is an Academic Journal, and the author, Manuel Barcia, pulls from many experts on this topic and many official documents.
 * I used this document to understand the impact on Islam in Cuba that Western African slaves had.

Lovejoy, Henry B. “The Registers of Liberated Africans of the Havana Slave Trade Commission: Implementation and Policy, 1824–1841.” Slavery and Abolition, vol. 37, no. 1, 2016, pp. 23–44.

https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=23c8e2a7-9d26-4b8d-b0e3-9e85ee40a947%40pdc-v-sessmgr03


 * Summary: This article talks about the process and general information on the African slaves brought to Cuba.
 * It is an academic journal written by Henry Lovejoy, a lecturer in the Department of History for McMaster University. This article provides official documents from the courts of Havana that have information of liberated African slaves, what ships they came from, what ports they left from, and when they were captured and registered.
 * I used this document to show evidence of the African's arrival in Cuba.

Silva, Daniel B. Domingues Da, et al. “The Transatlantic Muslim Diaspora to Latin America in the Nineteenth Century.” Colonial Latin American Review, vol. 26, no. 4, 2017, pp. 528–545., doi:10.1080/10609164.2017.1350492.

https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=85f32e0b-f66b-4f46-8aed-4b0c12e1e97e%40sdc-v-sessmgr02


 * Summary: Talks numbers about Africans on the transatlantic slave trade and where they mostly came from.
 * It is an academic journal written by many scholars in History from different Universities. This article has many accredited sources and cites some of the same explanations and information that is backed up from my other sources, which proves the information's credibility.
 * I used this document to provide more specifics on the number of slaves and where they mostly came from specifically in Africa.

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