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Liuqiang (Chinese: 柳腔; pinyin: Liǔ qiāng), a traditional local drama in Qingdao, Shandong Province, has existed for more than two hundred years. Liuqiang originated in the Dagu River Basin in the western part of Jimo (Chinese: 即墨; pinyin: jí mò), Qingdao in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Liuqiang evolved from folk rap “Benzhougu (Chinese: 本肘鼓; pinyin: běn zhǒu gǔ)".

In 2008, Liuqiang became the second batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage, numbered IV-117.

History
"In the thirteenth year of Qianlong Emperor (1748), counties adjacent to the west of Jimo suffered from floods and droughts, and people lived in there fled to Jimo." The refugees sang local songs from their hometown while begging. Jimo local people said that the tunes that the refugees sang were "Benzhougu". Combined with Jimo local songs and yangge (Chinese: 秧歌; pinyin: yāng ge), "Benzhougu" gradually evolved from rap to singing, forming Liuqiang. "The initial form of Liuqiang was simple, only need drum s (Chinese: 鼓; pinyin: gǔ), Luo (simplified Chinese: 锣; traditional Chinese: 鑼; pinyin: luó), Bangzi (Chinese: 梆子; pinyin: Bāng zi) and patter board (Chinese: 呱嗒板; pinyin: guā dā bǎn)." After 1910, influenced by the Laiyang folk music (simplified Chinese: 莱阳小调; traditional Chinese: 萊陽小調; pinyin: láiyáng Xiǎodiào), artists began to used the four-string huqin (Chinese: 四弦胡琴; pinyin: Sìxián Húqín) and the Yueqin (Chinese: 月琴, pinyin: yuè qín) to accompany.

In the early stage of accompaniment with the four-string huqin, since there was no fixed music score, musician s’ accompaniment and singer s’ vocal cannot be fully coordinated, and singers can only "liu (Chinese: 溜; pinyin: liū)" along the music. Therefore, people called this opera "Liuqiang (Chinese: 溜腔; pinyin: liū qiāng)". Later, people used the homonym "Liu (Chinese: 柳; pinyin: liǔ)" and officially named it “Liuqiang (Chinese: 柳腔; pinyin: liǔ qiāng)”.

At the beginning of the 20th century, often performed with Peking Opera (Chinese: 京剧; pinyin: jīng jù) and Bangziqiang (Chinese: 梆子腔; pinyin: bāng zi qiāng), Liuqiang was influenced by the music and characters of these operas.

Performance characteristics
People use the Jimo dialect to sing Liuqiang.

"Sad tone (simplified Chinese: 悲调; traditional Chinese: 悲調; pinyin: bēi diào)" and "Huadiao (simplified Chinese: 花调; traditional Chinese: 花調; pinyin: huā diào)" are the basic singing styles of Liuqiang. “Sad tone” is used to express sadness or anger. “Huadiao” is used to express joy.

There are 46 qupai (Chinese: 曲牌; pinyin: qǔ pái) in the Liuqiang music system.

Repertoire
There are more than 120 traditional repertoires, more than 80 transplanted repertoires, and more than 40 modern repertoires.

Representative traditional repertoires
Traditional repertoires mainly describe love stories.

sidajing (Chinese: 四大京; pinyin: sì dà jīng)
Dongjing (simplified Chinese: 东京; traditional Chinese: 東京; pinyin: dōng jīng)

Xijing (Chinese: 西京; pinyin: xī jīng)

Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: nán jīng)

Beijing (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: běi jīng)"]

Badaji (simplified Chinese: 八大记; traditional Chinese: 八大記; pinyin: bā dà jì
Story of Gold Hairpin (simplified Chinese: 金簪记; traditional Chinese: 金簪記; pinyin: jīn zān jì)

Story of Jade Cup (simplified Chinese: 玉杯记; traditional Chinese: 玉杯記; pinyin: yù bēi jì)

Silanji (simplified Chinese: 丝兰记; traditional Chinese: 絲蘭記; pinyin: sī lán jì)

Story of Chinese Fire Dragon (simplified Chinese: 火龙记; traditional Chinese: 火龍記; pinyin: huǒ lóng jì)

Story of Kite (simplified Chinese: 风筝记; traditional Chinese: 風箏記; pinyin: fēng zheng jì)

Story of Key (simplified Chinese: 钥匙记; traditional Chinese: 鑰匙記; pinyin: yào shi jì)

Luoshanji (simplified Chinese: 罗衫记; traditional Chinese: 羅衫記; pinyin: luó shān jì)

Story of Embroidery Shoes (simplified Chinese: 绣鞋记; traditional Chinese: 綉鞋記; pinyin: xiù xié jì)

Representative transplanted repertoires
Qin Xianglian (simplified Chinese: 秦香莲; traditional Chinese: 秦香蓮; pinyin: qín xiāng lián)

Bihunji (simplified Chinese: 逼婚记; traditional Chinese: 逼婚記; pinyin: bī hūn jì)

Dajinzhi (Chinese: 打金枝; pinyin: dǎ jīn zhī)

Lotus Lantern (simplified Chinese: 宝莲灯; traditional Chinese: 寶蓮燈; pinyin: băo lián dēng)

Fenghuanchao (simplified Chinese: 凤还巢; traditional Chinese: 鳳還巢; pinyin: fèng huán cháo)

Representative modern repertoires
Jiao Yulu (traditional Chinese: 焦裕禄; simplified Chinese: 焦裕祿; pinyin: jiāo yù lù)

Xiaoerhei’s marriage (traditional Chinese: 小二黑结婚; simplified Chinese: 小二黑結婚; pinyin: xiǎo èr hēi jié hūn)

Chunnuanhuakai (simplified Chinese: 春暖花开; traditional Chinese: 春暖花開; pinyi: chūn nuǎn huā kāi)

Duoyin (simplified Chinese: 夺印; traditional Chinese: 奪印; pinyin: duó yìn)

Jiafeng (simplified Chinese: 家风; traditional Chinese: 家風; pinyin: jiā fēng)

Famous artist
Yuan Ling (Chinese: 袁玲; pinyin: yuán líng) is the representative inheritor of the fifth batch of Representative Projects of National Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Awards and honors
The second batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage.

The first batch of Excellent Practice Projects for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Shandong Province.