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Gravity Battery is a type of mechanical battery that stores gravitational potential energy by displacing a mass to the position where it is more potential, which usually refers to higher ground. While the term gravity battery technically includes all devices that are used to store gravitational potential energy, nowadays it is commonly referred to those devices that stores excess electrical energy produced at nearby power plants in the form of gravitational potential energy.

The modern concept of gravity battery is linked with sustainable and renewable energy. For most of the implementations in large scale, stations for gravity battery stand near sustainable energy source, such as solar power plant, in order to correspond with the change in demand of energy from households by time.

History
Using any objects to store gravitational potential energy to conserve energy for future work possibly dates to water wheel.

The pendulum in pendulum clock s is another form of gravity battery that transforms gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy back and forth and is used to measure time by harmonic oscillation.

Although usage of gravity battery in large scale corresponding to the change in energy demand was ignored for decades, it was rediscovered in 2010's as a division of sustainable and renewable energy.

Principle of Operation
Operation of gravity battery depends on law of conservation of energy. Each mass holds larger content of potential energy as it is moved away from gravitational center of earth. The masses are manipulated to transform potential energy to another form of useful energy, such as kinetic, heat, and electrical energy, when they are released from the initial position.

Traditional concept of gravity battery usually converts human work to gravitational potential energy or utilizes displacements of masses to higher potential in natural phenomena.

Modern concept of gravity battery linked with power plant converts electrical energy to gravitational potential energy when the production of energy from power plant exceeds the need of energy from households. Otherwise, power plants release the masses to produce more electrical energy for higher demand.

GravityBattery
The concept of using gravity battery to store excess electrical energy from solar power plant was introduced in 2017. It was inspired by shortcoming of solar panels that can only operate in daytime, when the demand for energy in households is less than that of another part of the day, and electrical battery was used to store excess energy.

Operation
Masses are hung inside series of hollow vertical underground tunnels by metal coils, which is attached to central generator axis. The distributor, which is connected to solar panels, bypass line, and charger, determines the pathway of electrical energy. When production exceeds demand, the distributor directs energy to the charger, and the charger uses the energy to spin its transmission axis to wind the mass up. Otherwise, energy passes through bypass line to households. When the energy is needed, the allocator switches off the break connected on the generator axis, powering the generator.

Improvement
Compared to traditional electric batteries, the concept of gravity battery suggests that it is more environmentally friendly by its non-toxicity and storage efficiency. More simple principle of operation allows gravity battery virtually free from maintenance.

Shortcoming
Gravity battery is a new concept that has not yet been implemented, which might contain unexpected safety issues.

Railway Battery
Valley Electric Association Inc. (VEA) introduced a new project to store excess electricity in the from of gravity battery, which was formerly stored as hydraulic resource in reservoir or in electric battery. VEA determined that traditional ways of storing excess energy is inefficient to the arid climate of western Nevada and suffers loss of energy. Instead, VEA in its new project utilizes old railways with gradual 6- to 9- degree slope and 3000 feet of elevation to wind up the cart with masses that would generate about 50 megawatts each.

GravityLight
GravityLight, from GravityLight Foundation, was inspired by 1.2 billion people that suffers from unreliable source of electricity and kerosene lamps for light. It operates without electric batteries and fossil fuels, therefore they are more economic and environmentally friendly compared to traditional kerosene lamps.

Operation
GravityLight works relatively in a small scale. Gravitational potential energy is gained by elevating a weight that is filled with rocks or sand, and the pulley system connected to the weight generates electricity for lighting a lamp.