User:Enzhu Zhou/sandbox

Lessons Learned
Brown pointed out that due to climate change, natural disasters may become more frequent, resulting in more losses, especially for developing countries like Fiji, which can be fatal.

Monitoring capability
Many quantitative flood monitoring techniques and indicators have been used recently, such as the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Flood Index. The Flood Index (IF) is a more innovative and accurate technical indicator that can determine past flood events' duration, severity, and intensity and provide correct guidance for future flood decision-making. However, it is not widely used by monitoring departments at this stage and needs further promotion. More effective and accurate flood quantification and monitoring technologies urgently need to be developed, and disaster prediction requires more robust academic support for flood-prone areas such as Fiji.

At the same time, observers responsible for river basins and floods need to strengthen their understanding and prevention of floods through stakeholder feedback.

Infrastructure system strengthening
During the 23/01-27/01 floods in Fiji, mountain landslides and widespread flooding affected nearly 25000 people, disrupted water and electricity supply, and extensively damaged infrastructure. Strengthening infrastructure systems, flood protection measures, and rapid recovery capabilities are areas that Fiji needs to improve in the future. It is essential to have a second system or disaster response plan, especially in areas prone to disasters.

At the same time, the medical system needs to buffer the direct harm caused by floods and prevent diseases after the flood period. In January and March 2012, consecutive tropical depressions caused two extreme flooding events in western Fiji, leading to the largest outbreak of leptospirosis in the Pacific region, with 44 deaths and hundreds of confirmed cases. Post-disaster disease prevention needs more attention, and the medical system needs strengthening.

Vulnerability protection
In the 24/01/2012 flood, two farmers drowned while rescuing livestock. The flood caused irreparable damage to many crops and caused direct property damage to farmers. In flood events, watershed communities are the most vulnerable group, relying on a range of resources and income from the watershed, which are at risk of environmental changes such as floods. To reduce the loss of life, these vulnerable groups need to have some particular protection policies, and Fiji's domestic and international attention needs to be raised.

Climate response
The intensification of equatorial warming in the Pacific may lead to more frequent extreme events in Pacific island countries affected by events in the South Pacific Convergence Zone. Data from floods in 2012 estimated that under current climate change conditions, future floods in Fiji will be more frequent and severe, and the resulting losses will increase with the degree of climate change. Fiji must pay attention to climate conditions and be more sensitive in preventing and controlling severe rainfall and floods while working with other countries to make practical measures for global warming.