User:Epitz/sandbox

History
The issue of transonic speed (or transonic regime) first appeared during World War II. Pilots found as they approached the sound barrier the airflow caused aircraft to become unsteady. Experts found that shock waves can cause large-scale separation downstream, increasing drag and adding asymmetry and unsteadiness to the flow around the vehicle. Research has been done into weakening shock waves in transonic flight through the use of anti-shock bodies and supercritical airfoils.

from article

Severe instability can occur at transonic speeds. Shock waves can cause large-scale separation downstream, increasing drag and adding asymmetry and unsteadiness to the flow around the vehicle. Research has been done into weakening shock waves in transonic flight through the use of anti-shock bodies and supercritical airfoils.

Drafting Section
(for peer review)

Discovering Transonic Airflow
Issues with aircraft relating to speed first appeared during the supersonic era in 1941. Ralph Virden, a test pilot, crashed in a fatal plane accident. He lost control of the plane when a shock wave generated by supersonic airflow developed over the wing, causing it to stall. Virden flew well below the speed of sound at Mach 0.675, which brought forth the idea of different airflows forming around the plane. In the 1940's, Kelley Johnson became one of the first engineers to investigate the effect of compressibility on aircraft. However, wind tunnels at the time did not have the capability to create airspeeds close to Mach 1 to test the effects of transonic speeds, limiting engineers to studying these speeds in practice, such as with the Bell X-1. Not long after, the term "transonic" was defined to mean "across the speed of sound", coined by NACA director Hugh Dryden and Theodore von Kármán of the California Institute of Technology.

Changes in Aircraft
Initially, NACA designed "dive flaps" to help stabilize aircraft during transonic flight. This small flap on the underside of the plane slowed the plane to prevent shock waves, but this design only delayed finding a solution to aircraft flying at supersonic speed. Newer wind tunnels were designed so that researchers could test newer wing designs without risking test pilots' lives. The slotted-wall transonic tunnel was designed by NASA and allowed researchers to test wings and different airfoils in transonic airflow to find the best wingtip shape for sonic speeds.

After World War II, major changes in aircraft design were seen to improve transonic flight. The main way to stabilize an aircraft was to reduce the speed of the airflow around the wing by changing its chord, one such solution being swept wings, which reduce transonic effects. For swept wings, airflow approaches the wing at an angle, decreasing the wing thickness to chord ratio. Airfoils were then designed flatter at the top to prevent shock waves by reducing the distance air travels over the wing. Later on, Richard Whitcomb designed the first supercritical airfoil using similar principles.

Turned Away from Supersonic Flight
- fuel usage

Peer Review by Bayerite (talk) 16:41, 19 March 2021 (UTC)
Hello! I’m glad you’re referencing lots of people and their importance to transonic airflow testing and research. The problem of “transonic airflow” is clearly defined in the first few sentences of “Discovering Transonic Airflow,” and it is obvious that this problem calls for a solution. Your organization of discovering the problem -> defining the problem -> testing solutions -> implementing solutions to transonic airflow makes sense! I also like how you explained the origins of terms like “sound barrier” and “transonic.” I should see if there were any terms that were coined by the research done in the article I am working on. The main issue I noticed is a lack of description or clarity for a few terms which the reader may not understand. What are “swept wings”/what do they look like? What are “airfoils”? Did airfoils already exist and their shape was modified for this purpose? Or were they a completely new concept designed to solve transonic airflow? Additionally, you’re missing some punctuation, particularly in regard to AAAWWUBBIS words. “After World War II major changes” should be “After World War II, major changes” and “Since the airflow would hit the wings at an angle this would” should be “Since the airflow would hit the wings at an angle, this would” etc. etc. Additionally, “Ralph Virden a test pilot crashed” should probably be “Ralph Virden, a test pilot, crashed.” There are a few other ones, but I’ll give you a chance to find them. Overall, the content is great! Keep it up! I don’t know much about transonic airflow, so I could give this article a read later… --Bayerite (talk) 16:41, 19 March 2021 (UTC)

Response: In Ar8rn sandbox

Article Evaluation on Volcanism

 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?

Yes everything is relevant to the article. The last section on volcanism on other bodies as discussed on the talk page stands out from the rest of the article. I think it could use its own page to expand on.


 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?

Yes, all the information is factually based and unbiased.


 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?

No, the article overall just needs more content and references.


 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?

All of the source work however one is to another Wikipedia page.


 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

A lot of sentences are lacking references to direct sources. The sources seem neutral and unbiased but there is only a few sources.


 * *Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

There is no history about volcanoes and little information about where they are on earth. There is a lack of detail in most of the sections. More in-depth descriptions of the processes involved in volcanism. What surrounding environments volcanism effects.


 * Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?

Some of the talk page is about whether this page should be merged with the page on volcanoes. One editor is strongly opposed to the merge due to the distinctions between volcanoes and volcanism. Another talks about having a distinction in pages on volcanism on earth and volcanism on other planets. The other main conversation on the talk page is the lack of sources and references which I agree with. There is not many direct resource in the article.


 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?

Start class and top importance. It is a part of the Wikiprojects Volcanoes and Geology.


 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

We have not talked about Volcanoes or much about geology at all but we have talked in general about the history of how the planet functioned and was made of from philosophers perspectives.