User:Eraalinsque/Найман мемлекеті

The Naiman state (the Naiman ulus, the Naiman khanate) state existed in the territories of Kazakhstan in 11-13th centuries. The curtain area included Altai and Khingan moutains from the Yertis river to the Orkhon river.

The appearance of state of the Naimans
The Naiman State bordered with Qanly people in the West around the Yertis river, with Kyrgyz people in the North, with Kerei and Merkit people in the East around the Orkhon and the Sekenga rivers and with Uygur and Xia tribes in the South. According to the written sources, the first ruler is known from 1143. The Naiman khanate has became very strong in the years of Inanysh Bilge Buqa khan's ruling time. It was located along the Silk Way. It had a good poltical and business relations with neighbors. Rashid ad-Din wrote "The Naimans' khan was respected, had a real power and both a lot of citizens and armed forces." The Naiman khans were elected by heritage. Famous tribe leaders, batyrs, and army commanders were invited in Khan's board. The Khan was a commander of National Army. Documentation work was carried out inside the ulus and stamped by the khan's square stamp. From the late 12th century the Naiman khans were called "Buyryq", "Kushlik". After a death of Inanysh Bilge khan, two of his sons, Tayan khan and Buyryq khan, argued for the throne and divided the country into two parts. These two countries were independent from each other and fought with each other. These internal feuds coincided with the strengthening of the forces of Genghis Khan. The army led by Genghis Khan and the khan of Kerei people Tugryl conquered Buyryq Khan's territory in 1199, then conquered Tayan Khan's territory in 1204. The Naimans' attempt to fight against them was failed. Tayan Khan's son Kushlik Khan, who was trying to recover social conditions of khanate by moving to Zhetisu region, was killed by Zhebe Khan.

Disintegration of the state of Naimans
The Naiman State was ruined and kicked out of history scene. The part of Naiman people was depended on Mongols and stayed in motherland, and the another part moved to the South-West (Zhetisu, Saryarka, Syr regions.) They were assimilated with the local people. Most of citizens of the Naiman State were nomads. The Naiman State was the most cultural improved country in the region of Central Asia. From the Orkhon river to the Altai mountains they built such cities as Aqbalyq, Shambalyq, Qayalyq, Besbalyq, Naiman Sum. The "Tamgaly tas" monument proves that they had their own writing style.They used the old uygur writings.