User:Erekle MAKASHVILI/ახმეტ ბაიტურსინოვი

It is widely known that the Kazakh people have been distinguished by high and intellectual achievements since time immemorial, which have a proper place in the history of the nation. From this point of view, we would like to present to you the Kazakh scientist, statesman, publicist, educator, author of various philosophical works, founder of Kazakh literature - Mr. Akhmet Baitursinov, who was also actively involved in the national liberation movement of the Kazakh people at the beginning of the 20th century. Akhmet Baitusinov had a multifaceted political vision, which is demonstrated by the fact that he is one of the authors of the large-scale Caracal petition. Current challenges of the Kazakh nation and other important issues were mentioned in the petition. Specifically, changes in the education system, freedom and supremacy of religion, as well as the publication of daily newspapers to inform the people in a timely and objective manner. However, due to such dedicated work as Baitusinov, in 1909 he was arrested on the following charges - spreading the autonomous idea of ​​self-government, national discord between Russians and Kazakhs, and attempting to divide. That is why he was exiled from Kazakhstan to the city of Orenburg in Russia, where he lived and worked from 1910 to the end of 1917. Throughout this period, he continuously participated in political processes. It is significant that Akhmet Baitursinov, who was in exile, published the first national newspaper "qaeak" together with other exiled leaders of the national liberation movement Alikhan Bokeikhanov and Mirzhakip Dulatov. The newspaper's rhetoric opposed the transfer of fertile lands to Russian migrant peasants. From a cultural and moral point of view, the newspaper informed the people about proven methods of farming and animal husbandry and encouraged people towards active political struggle with unity and nationalism. The editorial board of the newspaper urged the nation to increase its literacy and cultural level. In the history of the nation of Kazakhstan, there is the February and October revolutions of this period, about which Akhmet Baytursinov himself gave us an opinion - "As much as the February revolution was understandable for the Kazakhs, the October revolution was incomprehensible to them." The Kazakh people thoroughly understood the first revolution and received it with joy, because it saved them from exploitation by the tsarist authorities and instilled in them the old dream of self-government. Shortly after the establishment of Soviet power, in March 1919, Baitursinov was sent to Moscow for diplomatic negotiations with the Soviets. It is significant that in July of the same year he was appointed as the deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars. He sharply and radically criticized the first steps of the Soviet government in Kazakhstan. It was under this auspices that he wrote a letter to the leader of the socialist state Mr. Vladimir Lenin. This contact of his gave the result that the issue of territorial borders between Russia and Kazakhstan was legitimately confirmed. Akhmet Baitursinov's political career grew even more in 1920-1921. In particular, he was the People's Commissar of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Kazakhstan. Also in 1922-1925 he headed the Scientific and Literary Commission of the People's Commissariat of Education of Kazakhstan. As I already mentioned at the beginning, in addition to being a medic in the civil service, Akhmet Baitusinov actively led general educational and pedagogical activities. From this point of view, it is worth noting that in 1921-1928 he taught Kazakh language and literature and cultural history in public education institutes. Of course, this dedicated, historical and indescribable work of Akhmet Baitursinov had many unfounded opponents. Based on similar actions, Baitursinov was arrested in the city of Almaty and charged with counter-revolutionary activities, organizing an armed uprising in the Kazakh steppe. He was sentenced to be shot, but in 1931 the sentence was replaced by 10 years in the camps. In 1934, Akhmet Baitursinov was released early from his sentence and returned to the city of Almaty. His political persecution did not stop even after his release. On October 8, 1937, he was arrested again. During his imprisonment, Baitursinov perfectly answered the interrogator's question, whose words remained forever in history - "My ideal is to raise the welfare and culture of the Kazakh people as high as possible." Since this good work is still in the initial stage, I bow before the government that will satisfy my desire". Despite these high moral words and devoted work, Akhmet Baitusirov was shot on December 8, 1938. He managed to do many national things in his life. The book "Qırık ក្រ" - "Forty Parables" belongs to his pen, which was first published in 1909. In it, the author strongly criticizes the policy of Russia, the arbitrariness of the government and the gross violation of sovereignty. Akhmet Baitusirov's ideal, pathos and dream are expressed in the book "Маса" - "Mosquito", which dates back to 1911. Filled with these polyglot ideals