User:Erekle MAKASHVILI/Mustafa Shokai - the road to the top

Mustafa Shokai - in the role of the visiting card of the Kazakh nation

A new spirit was breathed into the ideological and united mood of the Kazakh nation in general by Mustafa Shokai's important and interesting way of life. The basis of the idealism of his life is the course of politics and socialism, with which he implemented many necessary ideas for the benefit of his country. Mustafa Shokai was born on December 25, 1890, in an economically strong, aristocratic and traditional Kazakh family. Mustafa's mother taught her children to read and write in their childhood and helped them to learn the Kazakh language, as well as Arabic and Persian. Mustafa Shokai's intellectual talent is still visible from the age of 5, when he learned to play the dombra. Since childhood, he was musically talented, had a great interest and hearing for music. There was a local mullah in their village who taught them how to read the Koran and who helped Mustafa understand the Islamic holy book. It is significant that Mustafa was distinguished from other students by the fact that he memorized all the surahs of the Qur'an perfectly. It was at this time that the first painful thing happened in Mustafa Shokai's life, namely, in 1912, his father died. Due to this event, Mustafa was forced to stop his studies once again. He returned to St. Petersburg after a year to complete the last stage of his studies. At the end of his education, Stolpin's agrarian reform took place in Kazakhstan, and many Kazakhs became peasants exiled by the Russian imperial administration. Mustafa returned to the city of Ak-Meshit, where his family remained, as one of the few who did not experience the dramatic consequences of Stolypin's agrarian reform. While studying in St. Petersburg, Mustafa tried to protect the interests of not only his compatriots, but also the entire Kazakh nation. However, on July 3, 1907, Tsar Nicholas II issued a decree disenfranchising the indigenous peoples of Siberia and Central Asia. They lost their way with a small representation in the Russian State Duma. But Kazakh politicians and intellectuals continued to fight for the vital interests of the nation. While working in the Duma, Shokai met prominent Muslim political leaders of Russia and became friends with the future chairman of Bashkir autonomy, Ahmad Zaki Walid. After completing this great work of education, which made Mustafa Shokai a well-rounded person, the most interesting stage of his life begins, in the form of political life. It was at this time, in 1914, the First World War began and Mustafa, as a student, became a member of the State Council as a secretary. Mustafa was introduced to the Muslim faction on the recommendation of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Until 1917, before the October Revolution, Mustafa was a deputy of the State Council and joined an active political life. Formal political activity began in 1917, when Mustafa Shokai was a delegate to the Moscow Muslim Congress. On his initiative, the Great Congress of Turkestan was held. On December 10, 1917, the project of creating autonomy was presented. At the 4th Congress of Turkestan Autonomy in Turkestan, known as Kokand Autonomy. After the overthrow of the Provisional Government of Russia was announced in Petrograd on October 25 during an armed uprising, the Bolsheviks carried out popular measures on the people. On February 11, 1918, the Bolsheviks sent troops to Kokand. The force was equal and Kokand was completely destroyed, the troops were armed with machine guns and cannons. Mustafa Shokai moved to Tashkent through Fergana. At that time, he was the youngest politician who supported the autonomy of Turkestan, but he was against separatism. In a similar tense and unstable situation, Mustafa Shokai met and married Maria Gorina in April 1918, after this event Shokai said: "We called the Soviet government established in Tashkent "the enemy of our people". I have not changed my view on this matter in the last ten years." After all these processes, in the following years, Shokai wrote and published the book: "Turkestan during the Soviet Union", which was about the features of the dictatorship. Mustafa Shokai's very exciting and interesting life did not pass without emigrating abroad. Through the Kazakh steppe and the Caspian Sea, he managed to arrive safely in Baku, Azerbaijan, and then, significantly, in Tbilisi, Georgia, where he lived with his wife for two years, from the spring of 1919 to February 1921. Shokai moved to Turkey as the Soviet Red Army took over the North Caucasus, then Azerbaijan, Armenia, and entered Tbilisi on February 16, 1921. After the events in Transcaucasia, Mustafa Shokai and his wife Maria Shokai emigrated to Istanbul, Turkey. Şokay wrote articles in English for "The Times" in Istanbul, as well as for various Turkish publications. Among the emigration to Tkreti