User:Ericxiao99/OLES2129/draft

= Proposal, justification and bibliography = Working title: Hybrid Management User:Ericxiao99/OLES2129/draft

Associated WikiPorject: WikiProject Outlines/Drafts/Outline of human resource management

Description
Hybrid management is a useful system for multiple departments within an organization to maintain interaction and cooperation. This management strategy is mainly used by organizations over the world to address international issues which requires the collaboration of policymakers and researchers. The most common practice of hybrid management is when governments trying to solve environmental issues and deal with climate changes. However, hybrid management can also be used by a company to utilize potential resources and advanced technology outside the company or develop two- way communication between managers and employees within the company.

Justification
Hybrid management is arisen by Clark Miller (2001) when studying the boundary organization, science policy, and environmental governance which can be used to solve complex problems. This management system can be considered as significant and notable because there are many pieces of further research since hybrid management was put forward by Miller (2001). Besides, companies and organizations, especially those which perform on an international basis, could be interested in learning more about what is hybrid management and how to use this management system in daily operations. Therefore, a Wikipedia page of hybrid management should be created.

All detailed information in the final article is cited from researches published on academic and reliable websites, and there will be no original research included in the final article. All reference used in the final article has verifiability and are without bias. Thus, the final article offers a neutral point of view and is able to meet the requirements of neutrality.

Forms of hybrid management
A general description of what is hybrid management from the perspective of companies themselves, companies and industries, and international organizations. In addition, there is a discussion under what circumstance is the hybrid management is most suitable to be used.

Four hybrid management strategies
Clark Miller (2011) states that there are four strategies of hybrid management: hybridization, deconstruction, boundary work, and cross-domain orchestration. This section writes what is the meaning of each strategy and what is the effect of using each strategy.

Advantages
This section discusses the advantages of hybrid management by using the examples and studies provided by articles that I found.

The advantage of hybrid management can be simply described as an efficient way to combine different resources and maximize the effectiveness of all related elements. Hybrid management is very useful when it comes to complicated situations. The advantages will be discussed on both a single company and international organization level.

Disadvantages
The disadvantages of hybrid management will also be discussed in the final article to show that the article offers a neutral point of view.

The problem of the hybrid management is a lack of ability to identify resources inequality, so it may not be very practical when different parts involved the management system has a tremendous gap in terms of human and financial resources. Disadvantages of hybrid management will be mainly discussed on the international organization level.

What is hybrid management?
The short paragraph states hybrid management can help build an interactive working environment between managers and employees within a company. This source will be generally discussed in the description section of the final article as an example of how hybrid management works within a single company.

Fusing indigenous technology development and market learning for greater functionality development—An empirical analysis of the growth trajectory of Canon printers
This article investigates how Canon uses hybrid management to utilize its original technology and market learning to achieve a higher level of sustainable development and generate more profit. Canon achieves success by applying hybrid management in its daily operations. This source will be generally discussed in the description section of the final article and more detailed information will be included in the advantages and disadvantages section.

Mediating science and action across multiple boundaries in the Coral Triangle
Coral Triangle is an agreement between six countries in Southeast Asia and Pacific for them to deal with marine resources problems together, this agreement requires the cooperation of government, policymakers, and researchers. The difficulty of maintaining governance of all related parties makes hybrid management important. The success of bringing together political and scientific elements can be considered as an advantage of hybrid management. However, not being able to identify and respond to resource inequalities is a disadvantage of hybrid management.

Hybrid management configurations in joint research
This article states how the hybrid management works in joint research by analyzing four projects conducted by the ACC center. According to Wehrens et al. (2014), hybrid management can maximize the effect of collaborations between researchers and policymakers, researchers and practitioners. Hybrid management can also help create the added value of the collaborative projects. This article shows how the hybrid management works in joint researches by providing many examples, which will be used in the final article as an example of the advantages of hybrid management.

Boundary organizations in environmental policy and science
The author mentions hybrid management in the discussion of boundary organizations. Boundary organizations exist at the boundary of two totally different social worlds, such as political world and scientific world, and where participants of both sides (policy makers and researchers) work together to solve a particular problem. This article is useful because the hybrid management theory is put forward by Clark Miller (2011) when Miller is also studying boundary organizations.

Hybrid management, organizational configuration, and medical professionalism: evidence from the establishment of a clinical directorate in Portugal
Health professionals start taking management roles in order to achieve better governance of healthcare services, this process is an example of hybrid management within an organization. This article states the outcome of hybridization, which is the enhancement of medical and management effectiveness. Few setbacks of the hybridization are also mentioned in this article, such as difficulty in responding to external governance systems and professional doctors' lack of management skills. This source can provide evidence for how the hybrid management system functions within a single organization in the final article.

Hybrid management: boundary organizations, science policy, and environmental governance in the climate regime
Miller (2011) puts forward the hybrid management framework for the first time in this article. Hybrid management can be applied to international politics to solve the problems caused by the globalization because simply using institutional theory is unable to face the challenge and difficulty of the constantly changing global policy. Hybrid management is essential and practical in terms of combing diverse elements together and dealing with complex and difficult issues. This source will provide a large amount of evidence in the final assignment.

Reference list
Correia, T. & Denis, J. L. (2016). Hybrid management, organizational configuration, and medical professionalism: evidence from the establishment of a clinical directorate in Portugal. Retrieved March 21 from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4896258/

Guston, D. H. (2001). Boundary organizations in environmental policy and science. Retrieved March 21 from:

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/016224390102600401?casa_token=CZYyDXbusRgAAAAA:P6XJf3Fy-PLK3oVyZ7s81HQ1Za3pSNZhuvgu8UZ3OaWg01Z1mkARSVAUOsRzetUQLr44lLjC3XiWrQ

Heland, F. V. & Crona, B. & Fidelman, P. (2014). Mediating science and action across multiple boundaries in the Coral Triangle. Retrieved March 21 from:

https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0959378014001435?token=3957E0490C3818B435A4AD2A032A1F0248CD520D5630AB58055B2D56F19E51733935FC4DFCC941319A7308026C1BCAA8

Miller, C. (2001). Hybrid management: boundary organizations, science policy, and environmental governance in the climate regime. Retrieved March 21 from:

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/016224390102600405

Watanabe, C. & Lei, S. & Ouchi, N. (2009). Fusing indigenous technology development and market learning for greater functionality development—An empirical analysis of the growth trajectory of Canon printers. Retrieved March 21 from:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166497208001375/pdfft?md5=0ff76d09a25e06e7da87415fef8c5258&pid=1-s2.0-S0166497208001375-main.pdf

Wehrens, R. & Bekker, M. & Bal, R. (2014). Hybrid management configurations in joint research. Retrieved March 21 from:

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0162243913497807

WorkWiseNow Inc. (2019). What is hybrid management? Retrieved March 21 from:

http://www.hybridmanagement.com/