User:Erinbueler/sandbox

 Changes Made: 

Material:
 * Vulnerability:


 * It is a common, societal belief that teenagers have no regard for danger, which might indicate that they have a sense of invulnerability. Having a sense of psychological invulnerability benefitted adolescents in combatting negative emotions. Danger invulnerability highly correlated with illegal or criminal activity but not of mental health. Significant data showing that males were more likely to feel invulnerable to danger and psychological effects (Hill, P. L., Duggan, P. M., & Lapsley, D. K. (2012). Subjective Invulnerability, Risk Behavior, and Adjustment in Early Adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 32(4), 489–501. https://doi-org.byui.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/0272431611400304).
 * Uses AIS
 * Researchers predicted a positive correlation between the adolescents' and emerging adults' scores. They observed no significant differences in negative and positive optimism biases, but males still scored higher on both danger and emotional vulnerability. High psychological invulnerability combatted negative mental health effects. High danger invulnerability strongly correlated with social issues, such as risk behavior and substance use. Both types of invulnerability, psychological and danger invulnerability, proved to be high predictors of self-esteem problems (Lapsley, D. K., & Hill, P. L. (2010). Subjective invulnerability, optimism bias and adjustment in emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(8), 847–857. https://doi-org.byui.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9409-9).