User:Erint333/sandbox

Drafting Contributions Week 4


 * (new section sequentially created after section titled Forensic Transcription):

Forensic Translation/Interpretation

A forensic translator/interpreter must know the technical terms used in court in the two languages they are translating or interpreting in between. This can be complicated since it is possible that other languages do not have exact translations of legal terms. In American courts, it is commonplace to manipulate one's language to persuade the court personnel of their position. However, the role of the forensic translator/interpreter is to do the exact opposite. Their job is to express exactly what is being said by their client so that the court personnel clearly understands they're message. They are not permitted to sway their clients words in a certain direction.


 * adding to paragraph

The language of legal texts[edit]
The study of the language of legal texts encompasses a wide range of forensic texts. That includes the study of text types and forms of analysis. Any text or item of spoken language can potentially be a forensic text when it is used in a legal or criminal context. This includes analysing the linguistics of documents as diverse as Acts of Parliament (or other law-making body), private wills, court judgements and summonses and the statutes of other bodies, such as States and government departments. One important area[original research?] is that of the transformative effect of Norman French and Ecclesiastic Latin on the development of the English common law, and the evolution of the legal specifics associated with it. It can also refer to the ongoing attempts at making legal language more comprehensible to laypeople.[citation needed]

A forensic linguistics understanding of the relationship between language and law has been voiced by Leisser who states that


 * "It is indeed hard to deny that the rule of law is in fact the rule of language. It seems that there cannot be law without language. Kelsen (1945: 161) wrote that '[j]ust as everything King Midas touched turned into gold, everything to which the law refers becomes law, i.e. something legally e x i s t i n g'. The concept of law is conveyed and mediated entirely through the structures of human language and it is thus plausible to assume that everything the law touches is therefore also touched by language. This is particularly evident in the fact that all processes of legal meaning-making and meaning-seeking are inextricably tied to the language system. ... [L]aw is defined as a set of linguistic signs which is ascribed the societal power to control human conduct."

ADDING TO PARAGRAPHS********

One part of the language of legal texts encompasses the Miranda warning in the United States. These warnings let the defendant know that they have the right to be silent since whatever they say from the point they are in police custody can and will be used against them in a court of law. The recipients who are advised of these rights must have a certain level of competency in the English language in order to completely understand the warning.

Adding Citations to an Article Week 4

Bibliography


 * Ali, Siddig Ahmed1, and Mohamed Abd Allah Abd2 Algane. “The Role of Forensic Translation in Courtrooms Contexts.” Arab World English Journal, vol. 4, May2013 Special Issue 2013, pp. 171–180. EBSCOhost, libproxy.albany.edu/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=90141334&site=eds-live&scope=site .
 * "...forensic translator/interpreters are usually required and nominated by judges to interpret or translate in trials and proceedings as the judges do not have the right to do the translation themsleves in courts of law." (171)
 * Section 7 - The Right of Having a Forensic Translator
 * Legal language is complex and difficult to translate between two languages
 * Legal language is complex and difficult to translate between two languages


 * Akbari, Alireza. “How to Raise Quality Assurance in Legal Translation: The Question of Objectivity?” Studies in Logic, Grammar & Rhetoric, vol. 53, no. 1, Mar. 2018, pp. 7–29. EBSCOhost, libproxy.albany.edu/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pif&AN=EP132850651&site=eds-live&scope=site .


 * Pavlenko, Aneta. “‘I'm Very Not about the Law Part’: Nonnative Speakers of English and the Miranda Warnings.” TESOL Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 1, 2008, pp. 1–30. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40264423.


 * Sierocka, Halina. “Cultural Dimensions of Legal Discourse.” Studies in Logic, Grammar & Rhetoric, vol. 38, no. 1, Sept. 2014, pp. 189–196. EBSCOhost, libproxy.albany.edu/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pif&AN=PHL2238856&site=eds-live&scope=site .

Article Evaluation Week 3

Article Selection:

1) Language Interpretation

2) Multilingualism

3) Forensic Linguistics

Critique/Evaluation (respectively):

1) The article's content is very thorough and relevant to the topic. It includes the history, etymology, modes, types, modalities, venues, and several other sections pertaining to language interpretation. It is also written objectively for the most part, but I did notice the preference of talking about American Sign Language interpreting. There are a lot more sources pertaining to this topic than the general topic of language interpreting. Although there are various citations throughout the article, there still aren't citations after every claim that is made. After checking through several sources, I can conclude that the contributions are reliable. However, I did find one source that is a blog post. These are not as reliable as scholarly articles. I was also confused about the sections titled "References" and another one titled "Sources." Why wouldn't these be under one section?

2) This article's content is also very thorough and relevant to the topic. There are sixteen sections (including the Further Reading and External Links), so the reader would most likely find what information they are looking for. The article is written objectively with no noticeable bias. Many languages are included in the sections, not just a few languages one one region of the world. In the article there are many claims made and most have citations after them. However, I see a pattern with articles that I evaluate that they don't have enough citations. For example, in the Myths surrounding multilingualism section, it seems there needs to be more sources since there is only one listed. The citations for this article are a little shaky. I came across some scholarly articles but many more sources that do not fit under the scholarly sources category.

3) The Forensic Linguistics article is thorough as well, and all the content relates to the topic. The sections are separated at good points, but I'd like to see another section dealing with the problems of court interpreting and fairness at trials. It is written neutrally with no detection of bias. Some claims have citations, but most don't. There is a whole section where there is only one linked citation. There are several news sources listed, online and hard copy. Most sources seem scholarly, like the books, articles, and news pieces. There is also a whole section of the article that shows examples of forensic linguistics. This helps the reader understand the topic better and in my opinion should be an article section of every Wikipedia article (depending on the topic).

Sources (respectively):

1) Wright, Catherine L. “Ethical Issues and Potential Solutions Surrounding the Use of Spoken Language Interpreters in Psychology.” Ethics & Behavior, vol. 24, no. 3, May 2014, pp. 215–228. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/10508422.2013.845532.

2) Kim, Soonhyang, and Raquel Plotka. “Myths and Facts Regarding Second Language Acquisition in Early Childhood: Recommendations for Policymakers, Administrators, and Teachers.” Dimensions of Early Childhood, vol. 44, no. 1, Jan. 2016, pp. 18–24. EBSCOhost, libproxy.albany.edu/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1150266&site=eds-live&scope=site.

3) Ali, Siddig Ahmed1, and Mohamed Abd Allah Abd2 Algane. “The Role of Forensic Translation in Courtrooms Contexts.” Arab World English Journal, vol. 4, May2013 Special Issue 2013, pp. 171–180. EBSCOhost, libproxy.albany.edu/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=90141334&site=eds-live&scope=site.