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= History of Hampton Court Palace = Hampton Court Place is a former royal palace located on the north bank of the River Thames near Hampton in Greater London, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, and the historic county of Middlesex.

The palace sits on the site of a former Manor House and chapel owned by the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

The Knights Hospitaller
The name Hampton Court originally referred to the manor house and chapel maintained on the site of the palace by the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (known as the Knights Hospitaller). Having been established in Hampton since the 12th century, the Order developed their manor house at Hampton Court into one of their largest and best-appointed in England, frequently used by the court of Edward III as alternative accommodation to Sheen Palace (the royal palace on the Thames at Richmond), a waystation for visitors en route upriver to the royal manor at Byfleet (constructed by Edward II in the early 14th century), and a guest house for royal pensioners.

After the manor at Byfleet was dismantled in 1414 by Henry V, the importance of Hampton Court as a royal venue diminished. The Knights Hospitallers leased the property for a time, before retaining it as a country estate for the prior of the Order, James Kendall. In 1494 Kendall leased the property to Giles Daubeney, a fellow member of the Privy Council. A favourite of Henry VII, Daubeney sought to establish a seat near London and the new palace constructed by Henry at Richmond.

Giles Daubeney
Daubeney signed an 80-year lease for Hampton Court in 1494, and was made Lord Chamberlain the following year.

[T 5, 7-9; R 20-21, THOP 150]

Daubeney spent a considerable amount between 1495 and 1500 expanding the manor. Hosted royalty from 1500 onwards. Built facing the river, with the entrance to a grand courtyard on the south front, a great hall and kitchens which survive. Daubeney established a 'brick-built, moated courtyard house (compare Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk; Elsynge at Enfield plus others). T14

Henry VII favoured Westminster, Sheen, Greenwich and Windsor, in that order.

Elizabeth of York travelled to Hampton Court in December 1502 - pregnant with Katherine. T17 56-7 citing Okerlund A N, Elizabeth of York (Basingstoke, 2009) and Ford. Before she retired to the Tower to give birth and die of postpartum infection.

[ ]

Cardinal Wolsey
1522-1539

Transfer to Henry VIII household 1509

1510 built mansion at Bridewell

1514 appointed Archbishop of York which came with York Place, Westminster and Brigge Court, Battersea.

Note HCP was personally owned by Wolsey and his private residence - T16

construction office based at Bridge Court, Battersea to oversee work at Hampton Court and York Place - T16

The Tudor Palace
Henry VIII

Edward

Mary

Elizabeth

The early Stuarts
James I

Charles I

Charles sent to Hampton Court from 24 August 1647. Free movement around the house and parks plus attendants. Children visited several times a week. Royalist supporters came to visit. TPOR 236

Charles I's escape from Hampton Court Palace
11 November 1647

Prompted by a letter

Russell ch 14 205-

Fraser 221-2

TPOR 237

The Palace during the Protectorate
Council of State sought to recoup the cost of the war by selling royal properties palace and residences. TPOR 253-256

HCP retained along with Whitehall, St James, Greenwich, Theobalds, Windsor and Denmark House (Somerset House) TPOR 255

16 December 1653 Oliver Cromwell took the oath of office (beginning of the Protectorate) and HCP + others put at his disposal. TPOR 257

Crowell spent weekends at HCP moving family court and officials on Friday and returning to Whitehall on Monday in a heavily guarded barge or coach. TPOR 257

1659 inventory details Cromwell's life at HCP. TPOR 262

Cromwell took the Queens rooms

Fraser (1973) makes an analogy to the use of Chequers by modern Prime Ministers. Used it as a weekend retreat before the weekend had been invented. (F 460)

Betty given three rooms as nurseries for her children Cromwell, Henry and Martha. F 662

Cromwell liked to undertake hawking and hunting with bloodhounds. Properties that had been sold were bought back. Tapestries were installed in the bedrooms of Cromwell, Lady Frances, and in the Long Gallery. F 460, TPOR 262-63

Household established and £16,000 a year budgeted for expenses, plus guards and security. F 461

Ambassdors (who had returned to London) became annoyed that O's preference for weekends at HCP meant they spent their weekends trapped in London. It was only Dutch ambassador Nieupoort and Swedish ambassador Bonde who were allowed to visit HCP (Bond played bowls, killed a stag in the park, and listened to music). F 545; TPOR 263-264

September 1655 son of the governor who preached Cromwell was ruling with tyranny and die in infamy was imprisoned. TPOR 260

Summer 1657 Cromwell illness. Visited HCP in August 1657 to recover. 619, F 670

19 November 1657 Mary Cromwell married in private at HCP to Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg. (Was he gay?) Pastorals written by Andrew Marvell - see F 642-43.

Betty brought to HCP [summer] 1657 died 6 August. Body borne by barge from HCP to Westminster Abbey. Body interred in Henry VII chapel. F661-665

The Restoration
Stuart Restoration

Charles II
Only HCP would be fit for the return of the King, everything else was trashed. - T129

John Evelyn diarist and gardener, and Andre Mollet garden designer to Charles I and II - L-G 13

The Palace rebuilt: Christopher Wren's [ ] for William and Mary
Architects

Christopher Wren

Nicholas Hawksmoor

William Talman

John Rose and George London - nurserymen L-G 13

Hendrick Quellingburgh, Samuel van Staden, Casper Gamperle, and Hendrick Flores assisted with garden management and exotic plants L-G13

William Bentinck - which one?

Anne
Henry Wise

Refurbished the Great Fountain Garden and planted the yews in 1707 - L-G 16

George I
Preferred to lavish attention on his gardens at Herrhausen L-G 16

Replanted the Lower Wilderness in Home Park, replaced the decayed bower in the Privy Garden L-G 16

After 1737 the Court stopped visiting on a regular basis. L-G 16

The end of Royal occupation

Queen Victoria and the opening of the Palace
Mass tourism

The Palace in the Modern era
WWI and return from austerity

1932 cafe built next to surviving Tiltyard tower

1969 government classes Hampton Court as 'ancient monument'

1986 fire through apartments overlooking Fountain Court

A Historic Royal Palace
Ceased to be run by government department 1989. Run by Historic Royal Palaces Agency. 1998 HRPA gained independent charity status and became HRP. L-G 28

Hampton Court Palace pictures of inspired buildings
1860-1930 - Thurley p 308-309, 361