User:Eschopp/sandbox

Lead: condense and add citations

-Find citation for 1st sentence

-Simplify 1st paragraph on overall pathway of metabolism

-Remove: 2nd paragraph on carbohydrate types

-Remove: 3rd paragraph on complex vs simple carbohydrate effect on blood glucose

-Relocate: 4th paragraph comparing carbohydrates to fats and proteins as fuel to new section

-Relocate: 5th paragraph to Glycogenesis

-Remove: 6th paragraph on carbohydrates--not directly relevant to metabolism

-Add: Summary of digestion/absorption of carbohydrates that occurs before metabolism

-Add: Explanation of the variety between different organisms

-Remove: Catabolism section

-Within metabolic pathways section, create subsections: Bibliography of relevant sources
 * 1) Carbon Fixation
 * 2) Pathway
 * 3) Energy Change
 * 4) Regulation
 * 5) Related Diseases
 * 6) Gluconeogenesis
 * 7) Pathway
 * 8) Energy Change
 * 9) Regulation
 * 10) Related Diseases
 * 11) Glycolysis
 * 12) Pathway
 * 13) Energy Change
 * 14) Regulation
 * 15) Related Diseases
 * 16) Glycogenesis
 * 17) Pathway
 * 18) Energy Change
 * 19) Regulation
 * 20) Related Diseases
 * 21) Glycogenolysis
 * 22) Pathway
 * 23) Energy Change
 * 24) Regulation
 * 25) Related Diseases
 * 26) Pentose Phosphate Pathway
 * 27) Pathway
 * 28) Energy Change
 * 29) Regulation
 * 30) Related Diseases
 * 31) Fructose and Galactose Metabolism
 * 32) Pathway
 * 33) Energy Change
 * 34) Regulation
 * 35) Related Diseases

Source 1

-List of pathways: carbohydrate digestion (won't talk about), fructose metabolism, galactose metabolism, glucose oxidation (etc., basically cell resp), glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis

-The most common carbohydrates consumed by humans are detailed in a table

Sucrose (table sugar, hexose)

Lactose (milk sugar, hexose)

Galactose (fermented products, hexose)

Maltose (hydrolysis of starch, hexose)

Xylose (fruits, pentose)

Arabinose (fruits, pentose)

Bibliography of relevant sources

Source 2

Source 3

Source 4

Source 5

Source 6

Source 7

Source 8

Source 9

-The metabolism of carbohydrates is the main way that human bodies generate energy

-This metabolism is closely regulated to maintain necessary levels of glucose throughout the body

Source 10

-Glucose is an extremely important fuel for humans

-Standard free energy change for Glucose to CO2 and Water is -2840kJ

-Glucose can be stored as glycogen or starch, and released when needed

-Glucose also serves as a precursor to a variety of other intermediates (there are hundreds or thousands of transformations of glucose)

-Four major fates: synthesis of complex polysaccharides used in extracellular space; stored in cells; oxidized to pyruvate (glycolysis), to provide ATP and intermediates; or oxidized by pentose phosphate pathway to produce ribose 5-phosphate, which is used in creating nucleic acids and NADPH

-Some organisms fix glucose from atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis (reducing CO2 to trioses, then converting to glucose)