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9. The three major rock families are listed and described in the following. Igneous rock is formed by the cooling and consolidation of magma. Sedimentary rock is formed either by chemical precipitation of material carried in solution in sea, lake, or river water, or by the disposition of mineral particles transported in suspension by water, wind, or ice. Metamorphic rock is either igneous or sedimentary rock that has been changed as a result of high temperatures, high pressures, or both.

12. Regolith is when rock is exposed at Earth's surface, it is susceptible to alteration by the action of water, wind, and other agents that may act to alter the composition of the minerals present or to break the rock apart. Three types are as followed. The surface blanket is the broken-up material that constitutes the regolith; forms a blanketing lair draped over most of Earth's surface. Sediment is a type on which the unconsolidated rock and mineral particles that constitute the regolith are collectively referred to as sediment. Soil is the last type that is a special type of regolith, which contains the organic matter mixed with the mineral component.

14. Soil is derived from the decay of dead plants and animals. Living plants are nourished by the nutrients released from decaying organisms, as well as by the nutrients released during weathering.

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1. The rock cycle involves the cycling of material through the geosphere as a result of the formation, breakdown, rearrangement, and reformation of rock. The rock cycle comprises the processes whereby materials within and on top of the Earth's crust are weathered, transported, deposited, deformed, altered, melted. and reformed into new rock.

3.