User:EthicsForAFreeWorld/sandbox


 * Article I will edit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda#Politics -Politics

The article “Propaganda” from wikipedia, specifically the politics section, goes into depth about past history of propaganda in television, the news, mass media, and more. It brings up 9/11, the 2016 election, software bots, advertising, and more. There is a good amount of information here, but I think there is a lot more to say about propaganda in politics. I would like to add more on elections and propaganda in the United States.Since there are only 4 short paragraphs here, I think there can be a lot added. I think more also needs to be said on advertising, and how this can affect elections (facebook). Furthermore, the information is pretty up to date since it references the 2016 election, but once again, there is a lot more that can be added, since there are only about 2 sentences on this. I want to focus my research on elections, so finding more sources regarding the impact of propaganda through advertisements and media on elections will help me further my knowledge to accurately edit the wiki article.

Dunn, D. (n.d.). “View of Propaganda vs. political persuasion in Politics: Public Beware”. https://youngscholarsinwriting.org/index.php/ysiw/article/view/138/138


 * This article discusses propaganda in politics and the dangerous tactics politicians use to persuade people. Dunn specifically talks about Newt Gingrich and his history in becoming house speaker. Furthermore, the article compares ethics to manipulation, and discusses how politicians make a lot of unethical decisions.

Trajkova, Z., & Neshkovska, S. (2018, December 22). “Online Hate Propaganda During Election Period: The Case of Macedonia”. http://eprints.uklo.edu.mk/5133/1/ONLINE%20HATE%20PROPAGANDA%20DURING%20ELECTION%20PERIOD%20THE%20CASE%20OF%20MACEDONIA.pdf


 * This article discusses facebook, twitter, and social media's role in politics. The paper describes the effects of a political social media post, and how it affects what stance people make. Also, it describes hate comments, and the linguistic properties of such comments and how they affect people's opinions. Hate speech, propaganda, and social media have a big role in elections.


 * As a group, we would like to split up work as equally and fair as we can. There are 4 of us, and one section we want to really focus on, so this will allow us to put in more detailed and intricate work. We do not have a detailed timeline yet, but once we get our references down we will start work right away.

EDITS

-Add more on examples

-Discuss the 2016 election more and the role propaganda played in politics

-Add more to the Advertising section

-The section ends with one sentence about the 2016 election, so a better ending with more would be better

-In my group, I will specifically add more to the 2016 election portion of the text, and focus my research there while my group finds other topics to focus on

EDITS AS OF 4/12: (Peer Review- Please look at this section. above is a rough draft/brainstorming. Here are some finalized/specific edits)

-Section about election straight from wiki page:

"During the 2016 U.S. election a cyber-strategy was implemented using bots to direct US voters to Russian political news and information sources, and to spread politically motivated rumors and false news stories. At this point it is considered commonplace contemporary political strategy around the world to implement bots in achieving political goals."

Article to add about 2016 election:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19331681.2018.1448735

-Quote from above article:

"For example, during the 2016 Presidential Election, large networks of highly automated accounts on Twitter and fake accounts on Facebook promoted the accusation that Hillary Clinton was corrupt, and pushed the varied junk news stories about her involvement in pedophilia rings or the mysterious deaths of Federal Bureau of Investigation agents. Such messages were often shared across accounts maintained by the Russian government and Trump supporters" (Howard, Woolley & Calo, 2018).

- Add to wiki page:

Furthermore, these cyber strategies were used to prompt accusations on Hilary Clinton during the 2016 election, stating that she was involved in pedophilia rings and the deaths of Federal Bureau of Investigation agents (Howard, Woolley & Calo, 2018). These accusations were shared with social media accounts from the Russian government to make Hilary Clinton have a disadvantage in the 2016 election. Platforms like Facebook make spreading information like this easier and can have large impacts on elections.


 * PERSONAL REFLECTION
 * So far, I have learned that wikipedia is a good source to put research into. I have learned a lot, because in the beginning, I was quite confused on how to use the website. I still have a hard time finding everything or learning from the activities. But, I am slowly learning how everything works, and getting better at it the more I practice/ use wikipedia. This is all very new to me, so it has taken a lot of getting used to. I still have questions about how far along we should be, when everything is due, and what specifically should be in our sandbox. I have been reading a lot about ethics and how there are a lot of unethical practices in propaganda.
 * Our group has worked well together so far because we have been in contact and split up the work equally. I would say the only problem is that we are not clear on what we should be working on each week. We are still in the process of resolving this and are keeping in contact to let each other know when things are due. It would help our group if we could know how far along we should be so we can know if we are behind or not. We have had the freedom to work together and find our own research, which has been nice since we can find our own articles.

ADD TO WIKI PAGE FINAL EDIT: adding to the last paragraph in the politics section

Furthermore, these cyber strategies were used to prompt accusations about Hilary Clinton during the 2016 election, claiming that she was involved in pedophilia rings and the deaths of Federal Bureau of Investigation agents (Howard, Woolley & Calo, 2018). These accusations were shared with social media accounts from the Russian government, hurting Hilary Clinton's image during the 2016 election. Platforms like Facebook make spreading information like this easier and can have measurable impacts on elections.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Philip N. Howard, Samuel Woolley & Ryan Calo (2018) Algorithms, bots, and political communication in the US 2016 election: The challenge of automated political communication for     election law and administration, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 15:2, 81-93, DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2018.1448735

Howard, Woolley, and Calo write about bots and algorithms in political campaigns being utilized to politicians advantage. This idea is supported in many other academic journals, and further explains how these bots are used. The research here is a neutral toned, fact based journal that informs the audience on how politicians create an advantage for themselves on social media, news outlets, and more. The research is important to me as I further investigate the use of bots in the 2016 election with Hilary Clinton and Donald Trump, and how these bots were used in facebook, and more, to create an advantage in the Presidents campaign.