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Leonhard Felix Fuld (12 August 1883 – 31 August 1965 Trenton, New Jersey)

Leonhard Felix Fuld: education
Leonhard Fuld was born in Manhattan in 1883.

Growing up, Leonhard attended Public School 57 (on 115th Street, near Lexington). Leonhard completed the 8th grade at Public School 83 in June 1897. For high school, Leonhard graduated from the Horace Mann School June 4, 1901.

In higher education, he studied at Columbia University from about 1902 to 1909, earning five degrees: (i) a Bachelor of Arts as a Phi Beta Kappa in 1903 (completing his studies in just 1 year), (ii) a Master of Arts in 1904, (iii) a Bachelor of Laws in 1905, (iv) a Master of Laws in 1906, and (v) a PhD in Sociology and Political Economy (dissertation: "Police Administration," 1,100 pages) in 1909.

He went on to become an editor, an Examiner New York State Civil Service Commission and police security analyst, but his lifelong passion was public health and sanitation.

For many years he was an instructor in economics and business administration at the Bernard M. Baruch School of Business Administration of the City College of New York.

For much of Leonhard's life, he lived with his sister in Manhattan in a tenement, characterized as a slum, at 130 East 110th Street, between Park and Lexington Avenues. He lived much of his life as a recluse. A notice in 1911 in the New York Times indicated that a $30,000 renovation would be performed for Leonhard F. Fuld by Horenburger & Bardes, architects (Hermann A.A. Horenburger; 1884–1941). Charles Bradford Meyers (1875–1958) was the architect for the 1934 expansion of the Hospital for Joint Diseases.

Florentine M. Fuld
Florentine M. Fuld was born in Manhattan in 1878. She had been a primary school teacher. Florentine Fuld died in 1956 of malnutrition at the Hospital for Joint Diseases, to which her brother had given money. Before she died, she said that she had not left her house in 9 years.

Leonhard Fuld died in 1965 at the Helene Fuld Hospital in Trenton, now known as the Capital Health Regional Medical Center.

Police science
Leonhard Fuld is credited as being the first to publish a doctoral dissertation in the field of police administration. The dissertation was published commercially in 1910 as "Police Administration." Among other things, the dissertation:
 * found that organizational failure and ineffectiveness were the result of poor administration
 * critical of non-professional heads of police departments
 * provided a basis for "command and control" style of administration

The dissertation introduced concepts of organizational theory to law enforcement, namely police administration. The paper was intended for police executives and, inferences from it, and also from published works by August Vollmer and Orlando W. Wilson, altered the path of American law enforcement in the first half of the 20th century by, among other things, changing the traditional model to one of community policing.

Investment management educator
After writing a 12-chapter book from 1920 to 1921 for correspondence students called The Principles of Securities Salesmanship, Fuld, in 1922, began teaching the subject at the Kendall School of Salesmanship in Manhattan in the Buckley-Newhall building at the SWC of Sixth Avenue and 41st Street. The school was founded in Saint Louis in 1916 by Harry Taylor Kendall (1882–1952), a timber company executive.

Buckley, Newhall Company
Incorporated in New York around 1905 as the Buckley, Newhall Company.


 * Note: The Buckley-Newhall building, (709 6th Avenue) ... (actually 4 Bryant Park), opened fall 1920. It was 12 stories.  The architect was Snook & Sons.  Buckley-Newhall Company, Inc., a publicly traded furniture supplier, was founded on Broadway as Frasse & Miller, then became John Mullins & Sons, Inc.


 * Buckley-Newhall building at the SWC of Sixth Avenue and 41st Street


 * Joseph Edward Newhall (1859–1936)
 * Charles Ross Browning (1862–1945) was once the president of Buckley Newhall Company, Inc.
 * Cornelius C. Buckley (1836–1936) was President of the Buckley-Newhall Furniture Company, Inc., when he died
 * Buckley Newhall Company, Inc., was, in 1942, acquired by John Mullins & Son, Inc., a furniture chain
 * A. Miller Corwen (né Abraham Miller Cohen; 1894–1974) was once President of John Mullins & Son, Inc.
 * Both Newhall and Buckley had worked for Metropolitan Mfg. Co., successors of American Ringer Co.


 * see this

Florentine M. Fuld

 * 1824 Madison Avenue (1920), at 119th Streets, on the southwest corner. Florentine acquired this property in a foreclosure sale.  She sold it in 1931 to Leonhard Realty Company
 * 39 East 119th Street (1920), at Madison Avenue, on the north side
 * 48 West 128th Street (1920)

Leonhard Realty Company

 * Purchased 148 and 150 East 121st Street in 1911, at Lexington Avenue. A magistrate – Municipal Court Justice William Blau – in 1922, called this property the filthiest place he ever saw.

Helene Fuld

 * Helene Fuld was President of her own realty firm, Alger Realty Company

Helene Fuld Health Trust
The Helene Fuld Health Trust, according its literature in 1999, is the nation's largest private foundation devoted exclusively to supporting student nurses and nursing education. The story of the Helene Fuld Health Trust has three parts: (i) the Estate of Helene Fuld, who died in 1923, (ii) the Helene Fuld Health Foundation, which ran from 1935 to 1969, and (iii) the creation of the Helene Fuld Health Trust in 1969.

Estate
Helene Fuld, through probate proceedings following her death in 1923 (i.e., under the auspices of the Estate of Helene Fuld, Deceased), devised $91,718 to her two children. Her husband (and father of her two children), Bernhard Fuld (1843–1918), had already died. Her children, Leonhard Felix Fuld (1883–1965) and Florentine M. Fuld (1878–1956), as devisees under her estate, shared the inheritance equally.

Foundation
In 1935, Leonhard Felix Fuld, LLM, PhD, and Florentine M. Fuld established the Helene Fuld Health Foundation, each contributing $5,000 in honor of their mother, Helene Fuld (née Helene Schwab; 1858–1923).

The Helene Fuld Health Foundation assets grew – from $4.8 million in 1952 to more than $35 million in 1965. In 1961, Fuld — desirous that the foundation continue after his death or incapacity — structured a succession plan that would eventually transfer the assets to a charitable trust named the Helene Fuld Health Trust.

Charitable trust
Leonhard Fuld died in 1965. Four years later, in 1969, the Foundation was dissolved according to Fuld's instructions, and the foundation assets – around $25 million – were transferred into the newly created Helene Fuld Health Trust, managed by Marine Midland Bank, based in Buffalo, who had been designated as the sole trustee. Marine Midland, was acquired by HSBC Bank USA in 1980 and changed its name to HSBC Bank USA in 1999.

Beneficiaries
The foundation, from 1935 to 1969 had, and the trust, since 1969 has provided grants, scholarships, and financial aid for the education, health, and welfare of student nurses. The Helene Fuld College of Nursing has been a beneficiary of the Foundation and Trust since 1955, primarily from grants for (a) scholarships, (b) building renovations, and (c) equipment.

There are many institutional beneficiaries, nationwide, of the Helene Fuld Health Trust. Yet, most of the original assets succeeding from (i) Helene Fuld's estate, (ii) Leonhard and Florentine Fuld's private foundation, and (iii) the charitable trust established by Leonhard Fuld were drawn from real estate in Harlem that was originally owned by Helene Fuld – property that was located only a few blocks from the Helene Fuld College of Nursing.

Institutions bearing the name "Helene Fuld"

 * Helene Fuld College of Nursing


 * The Helene Fuld School of Nursing in Trenton, New Jersey, was founded in 1895 as "Training School for Nurses" at Trenton City Hospital. The hospital and school changed their names in 1902 to William McKinley Memorial Hospital and William McKinley Memorial Hospital School of Nursing. In 1951 school changed its name to Helene Fuld School of Nursing, honoring the mother of its benefactor, Leonhard Felix Fuld – the same benefactor as the Helene College of Nursing in New York City.  The Trenton school closed in 2011, citing, among other things, changes in nursing education.  The Trenton school was not related to the New York school.
 * Coppin State University, College of Health Professions, Helene Fuld School of Nursing in Baltimore was founded in 1973 and, as of 2017, offers baccalaureate degrees for RN, BSN, accelerated BSN, and a graduate program that began in fall 1999. The School offers a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) and a post-masters certification track with a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) role concentration. From 1963 to 1973, it was known as the Helene Fuld School of Nursing at Provident Hospital. At its founding in 1895, it was named the Provident Hospital Training School of Nursing.  Luci V. Ashton (1870–1948), who graduated from Freedmen's Hospital Training School for Nurses in 1895, served as the school's first director for a year and a half before becoming Superintendent of Nurses at Douglass Hospital in Kansas City, Kansas.  The Baltimore school is not related to the New York School.

Affiliations

 * 1918: Committee on Education of the Welfare Committee of the Borough of Manhattan, Leonard Fuld, PhD, Chairman
 * Life Fellow, American Public Health Association

Police science

 * "Police Administration; A Critical Study of Police Organisations in the United States and Abroad" (PhD dissertation: Columbia University), by Leonhard Felix Fuld, Knickerbocker Press (1909; ed. 1910);

Penal corrections

 * Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology
 * "Improvements at the New York Penitentiary," Vol. 6, No. 4, November 1915, pps. 615-618;
 * "Municipal Civil Service Examination in New York for Superintendent of Women Prisoners," Vol. 6, No. 1, May 1915, pps. 138–139
 * "Punishment for False Oath in Arabia," Vol. 6, No. 1, May 1915, pps. 139–140
 * "Civil Service Examination in New York for Head Keeper in the House of Correction," Vol. 6, No. 4, November 1915, pps. 630–631;
 * "Civil Service Examination for Promotion to Chief Probation Officer in the Children's Court, New York City, May 12, 1916," Vol. 7, No. 2, July 1916, pps. 301–203
 * "Civil Service Examination for Promotion to Deputy Chief Probation Officer (Male) in the Children's Court, New York City. Duties. Weight 6 (To Be Finished at 4 p. m.)," Vol. 7, No. 2, July 1916, pps. 302–303

Business, finance, investments, and management

 * "Service Instruction of American Corporations," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, Bulletin (United States Bureau of Education), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Publishing Office (1917);
 * The Principles of Securities Salesmanship (correspondence course), by Leonhard Felix Fuld, New York, Henry L. Doherty & Company (1920)
 * Chapter 1: "Qualification of a Securities Salesman"
 * Chapter 2: "Elements of an Investment;"
 * Chapter 3:
 * Chapter 4: "Cities Service Company"
 * Chapter 5: "Selling"
 * Chapter 6:
 * Chapter 7: "Public Utilities"
 * Chapter 8:
 * Chapter 9: "Classes of Bonds"
 * Chapter 10: "Securities and Subsidiaries" (©1921)
 * Chapter 11: "Treatment of Clients" (©1921)
 * Chapter 12: "Yields and Prices" (©1921)


 * The Pulse of the Organization, by Leonhard Felix Fuld, Henry L. Doherty & Company (1920)

Public service

 * "Civil Service Question in Mathematics," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, Harry Walter Tyler (MIT), Jonathan Taylor Rorer, PhD (1871–1948), The Mathematics Teacher (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics), Vol. 9, No. 3, March 1917, pps. 165–169; ;
 * Opportunities In The Civil Service (alternate link) by Leonhard Felix Fuld, The A.N. Palmer Company (1917)
 * "Civil Service Administration," by Leonhard Felix Fuld
 * Also published in The Modern City, the official magazine of the League of American Municipalities;
 * Chapter 1: "The Civil Service Function," Vol. 6, No. 1, January 1921, pps. 7-10
 * Chapter 2 (2nd installment), Vol. 6, No. 2, February 1921, pps. 7-10
 * Chapter 3 (3rd installment), Vol. 6, No. 3, March 1921, pps. 9-11
 * Chapter 4: "The Examining Division"
 * (4th installment) Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1921, pps. 8-11
 * (5th installment) Vol. 6, No. 5, May 1921, pps. 7-10
 * (6th installment) Vol. 6, No. 6, June 1921, pps. 10-12
 * Chapter 6 (7th installment): "The Chief Examiner," Vol. 6, No. 6, July 1921, pps. 8-10

Health

 * "The Selection of Hospital Employees Under Civil Service Rules," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 61, No. 22, November 29, 1913;
 * "Physical Training the Hygiene for Busy People," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, [New York]: A.R. Elliott Pub. Co. (1917) – reprinted from the New York Medical Journal, December, 1, 15, 29, 1917;
 * "A Conspicuous Service Award," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 27, No. 6 June 1927; pps. 453–454;
 * "Health Education for Student Nurses," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 27, No. 9 September 1927, pps. 753–756;
 * "A Health Program for Student Nurses," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 40, No. 11, November 1940, pps. 1241–1243;
 * "Health of Student Nurses: Report of a Study Conducted in a School of Nursing," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, Public Health Reports (1896-1970), Vol. 59, No. 6, February 11, 1944, pps. 205–208;


 * Journal of the Helene Fuld Health Foundation, July 1945 (Vol. 1) – February 1965 (Vol. 438), Leonhard Felix Fuld, editor;
 * Note: One issue each year comprises the foundation's Annual report; published irregularly, sometimes monthly, sometimes weekly
 * "Going Through Life on 'High,'" Leonhard Felix Fuld (ed.), Journal of the Helene Fuld Health Foundation, No. 95, August 1951
 * "Health Decalogue for Student Nurses," by Leonhard Felix Fuld, Helene Fuld Health Foundation (© 10 May 1954)

General

 * Leonhard Felix Fuld archives at the Helene Fuld School of Nursing, Trenton;
 * Also at University of Pennsylvania, Leonhard Felix Fuld archives


 * Fuld v. Commissioner of the Internal Revenue, Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. 139 F.2d 465 (2d Cir. 1943)

Newspapers

 * Category:1945 establishments in New York (state)
 * Category:Educational institutions established in 1945
 * Category:Private universities and colleges in New York (state)
 * Category:Universities and colleges in Manhattan
 * Category:Universities and colleges in New York City
 * Category:Nursing schools in New York (state)
 * Category:Harlem
 * Category:East Harlem