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Skippy Adelman (né Julius Edelman; 29 March 1924 Manhattan, New York – 1 May 2004 Long Island City, New York) was, among other things, an acclaimed American photographer – notably for his black-and-white photos of jazz musicians exemplified in the 1946 book, Jazzways, and for his contributions to the bygone New York City daily, PM, as a staff photojournalist from 1943 to 1945. He also contributed photos to New York Age around 1950. Adelman stopped photographing jazz musicians in late 1940s, as did Bill Gottlieb, who – according to Nels Nelson of the Philadelphia Daily News – said that he [Gottlieb] stopped it "on a dime" after 1948. Adelman seemlying dissappeared, perhaps because, in 1953, he began using his real name, Julius Edelman. In 1972, Popular Photography columnist Simon Nathan asserted that if he were given one hundred mythical dollars, the 2nd of 26 things he'd do is, "have 1,666 six-cent postcards printed and write the whole world to try to find out whatever became of Skippy Adelman, the great photographer from newspaper PM."

Edelman's post photojournalism career
Adelman, as Skippy Adelman, from 1948 through 1952, wrote at least 24 short pulp magazine works published by the Chicago-based Popular Publications, Inc. He also, from 1952 through 1953, wrote the music and lyrics for six songs and co-composed five more, all under the pseudonym, Jack Smiles. Adelman had a one-time acting role as a mannequin factory owner in Stanley Kubrick's 1955 film, Killer's Kiss.

In the mid to late 1950s, Adelman (as Julius Edelman), went on to become an executive in various film production and advertising agencies, including,  Executive Vice-President in Charge of Production (promoted from Assistant Film Editor in 1953) of Peter Elgar Productions, Inc. (1953–1960),   Production Group Supervisor for Ted Bates & Co. (until about June 1963),  Cowriter with Paul Mazursky of a teleplay episode for the The Rifleman (aired March 12, 1962) – "Tinhorn" (Season 4, Episode 24; Overall Episode No. 134), directed by Lawrence Dobkin.

 Vice-President, Producer, and Director for Mickey Schwartz Productions, Inc., which produced film for TV (beginning around June 1963), and  Vice President & Executive Producer for Allegro Film Productions, Inc. (from as early as 1965 to at least 1986), producer of TV commercials, but also known for its short scholastic-oriented science films, the Science Screen Report (trademarked filed October 20, 1971). Allegro Film was a subsidiary of Sterling Communications., a forerunner to HBO. 

Growing up
Julius Edelman's mother, Bessie Cohen (maiden; 1896–1924), died after he was born. His father, Harry Edelman (1892–1992), a Romanian-born furrier in Manhattan, remarried June 29, 1929, in Manhattan, to Mary (née Mera Weinberg; 1900–1993), who was born in Riga, Latvia, immigrated to the United States July 3, 1923, and became a naturalized U.S. citizen November 18, 1935.

Career
Edelman graduated from Stuyvesant High School (age 17) in June 1941. Stuyvesant (Old Stuyvesant High School at 345 East 15th Street) was about 1.7 miles his family's apartment at 488 East Houston. His family, in 1930 (up until at least 1934, according to Mary Edelman's citizenship application), lived at 152 Goerck Street, Manhattan, which was renamed in 1933 as Baruch Drive.

One might wrongly infer that Adelman was from Pottsville, Pennsylvania do to the mention of his name in a newspaper column of the Pottsville-Republican that was discussing local people.

United States Armed Forces

 * Enlist date: 2 Jan 1942
 * Discharge Date: 2 Jan 1944





During World War II, Edelman served in the United States Armed Forces with the 466th Bombardment Group of the Eighth Air Force. He was stationed in Attlebridge, and, as Navigator, flew gas hauls from France to England. He attained the rank of 1st Lieutenant.

 Back Row: 1st Lt. Earl Eugene Wassom (born 1923) (pilot), 1st Lt. John T. Bohan (Bombardier)  Front Row: 1st Lt. Lawrence Dennis Ross (died June 22, 1944) (Copilot), 1st Lt. Julius Edelman (Navigator)

 Standing Left to Right: T. Sgt./2G Lewis Joel Venegas, Sr. (1923–2004) (Flight Engineer), Staff Sgt. Francis J. Miller (Tail Gunner), Staff Sgt. Benny Olson (Top Turret Gunner), Stanley Seveay (Waist Gunner), Staff Sgt. Harry Hamilton (Waist Gunner), T. Sgt./2G Billy Wolfe (Radio Operator) <li> Kneeling Left to Right: 1st Lt. John T. Bohan (Bombardier), 1st Lt. Earl Wassom (Pilot), 1st Lt. Lawrence Ross (Copilot), 1st Lt. Julius Edelman (Navigator)</ol></ol>
 * This Crew completed a 35 mission tour, flying a Consolidated Aircraft B-24 Liberator – theirs nicknamed "Bottle Butt's Buggy" – during the last year of World War II (tail insignia, 2U–B)






 * 10/20/1944
 * AM
 * Air Medal (AM)


 * 2LT
 * GO: 271
 * New York NY


 * 12/07/1944
 * AM/OLC
 * Air Medal (AM) Oak Leaf Cluster (OLC)


 * 2LT
 * GO: 334
 * New York NY

Not the same Julius Edelman ?




Death
Julius Edelman, who was married to Dorothy R. Langer (maiden; 1925–2021) for, is buried next to her in the New Montefiore Cemetery, West Babylon, Long Island, New York.

Career (continued)
One article, entitled "The Hard Boiled School of Photography," narrates the "Legend of Skippy Adelman, PM's Picture Ace." Described as having a "tough wiry figure" and the “hands of a boxer," Adelman embodies all the ideal traits of the street-smart protagonist. Much is made, for example, of Adelman’s childhood poverty and ironfisted upbringing: "The early years of Skippy Adelman’s life made him sick and unhappy, then coldly, bitterly furious. He started taking pictures simply as a means of earning a living, and then suddenly discovered his camera was a graphic instrument."

Career

 * In 1916, according to a New York City directory (Ancestry.com), Bessie is listed as being with Weinberg & Adelman; h. 506 West 150th Street




 * In 1943, according to the draft registration, Harry Edelman was a part owner of Fox, Wolf & Edelman on Delancey Street.
 * In 1943, according to Frank Edelman's draft registration, Frank worked at F.S. Fur Co., at 307 Seventh Avenue


 * Worked for Black Star
 * Worked at PM
 * Peggy Corday photos


 * Worked for Culver Pictures


 * ; ISBN 0-3952-6286-0;.

Edelman's addresses

 * 1941: New York →


 * 1942: 331 East 12th Street, New York, New York →


 * 1945-1949: 205 West 10th, New York, New York, in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan (phone: CHelsa 2-0896)

Condon's addressses

 * 1942: 10 West 15th Street, Manhattan, New York (per WWII Draft registration)

Peter Elgar Productions, Inc.

 * Peter Elgar Productions, Inc.
 * 75 West 45th Street, New York 36. N.Y.
 * Phone: JUdson 6-1870
 * Date of Organization: January 1, 1951
 * Branch: c/o Paramount Sunset Corp., 5842
 * Sunset Blvd., Hollywood, Cal. Phone:
 * HOllywood 9-8111.


 * Peter Fitzgerald Elgar (1905–1968), President
 * Julius Edelman, Executive Vice-President
 * Philip Frank, Vice-President
 * Jessie B. Adamson, Secretary-Treasurer


 * Services: Industrial, public relations, religious
 * films: television commercials, television films:
 * 33mm, 16mm, black & white or color.
 * Facilities: Complete editing and projection facilities
 * 16mm and 35mm. 100 x 75 x 22' sound stage.

Ted Bates & Co., up until about June 1963
Julius Edelman was Production Group Supervisor at Ted Bates & Co.. Ted Bates & Co. was founded in 1940 by Theodore Lewis Bates (1901–1972) and is now part of WPP plc.


 * Selected projects
 * Mobil Oil Co. (gas), one 60 for TV. Agency: Ted Bates. Julius Edelman, agency producer

Mickey Schwarz, beginning around June 1963

 * Schwartz, Mickey, Productions, Inc.
 * 419 E. 54th St., New York, N.Y.
 * Phone: PL 5-5610
 * President Mickey Schwarz, President and Producer
 * Julius Edelman, Executive Vice-President, Producer, and Director
 * (Additional office in Toronto)
 * Services Offered – Film commercials.
 * Schwarz directed the 1934 short film, Broadway Varieties, produced by Trinity Productions, Inc.
 * Schwarz, among other things, was Associate Producer of the 1950 French documentary film, Savage Africa – directed by Jacques Dupont (director); Edmond Séchan (cinematographer)
 * Schwarz, among other things, was Associate Producer of the 1950 French documentary film, Savage Africa – directed by Jacques Dupont (director); Edmond Séchan (cinematographer)

Allegro Film Productions, Inc. (1968)

 * 201 West 52nd St., New York, New York 10019
 * Phone: (212) JUdson 6-3057
 * Date of Organization; 1958
 * Date of Incorporation; 1961
 * Jerome G. Forman (né Jerome George Forman; 1927–2009), President
 * Julius Edelman, Vice President & Executive Producer


 * Hugh King, Producer–Writer
 * Daniel Ruffini, Production Assistant
 * Judy Rabitcheff, Production Coordinator, who, later, became staff writer for All My Children
 * David Sawyer, Writer
 * Erford Hubert Bedient (1921–1983), Writer
 * Joseph Butler, Production Supervisor
 * Hal Persons (née Harold David Schwartz; 1918–19997), Producer
 * Marie Beynon Ray (née Marie Beynon Lyons; 1886–1969), Treasurer
 * : Motion picture and slide film producers; commercials, public relations, industrial and sponsored films; specialist in news and sports films; special department for foreign language versions and post-production finishing.
 * : Recording, screening, editorial rooms and studio. 35mm and 16mm camera and editorial equipment; script and art departments, special print procurement and services department.


 * Recent Productions and Sponsors
 * '; Return to LeMans; 1968; New Cars (Ford Motor Co.); Today Series; Expo 67 (U.S. Information Agency); Sun Never Sets  (Muscular Dystrophy Association); The Paper War  (Oxford Filing Co.); She Shell (Fairfield-Nobel). ': for Ford Motor Co., BOAC, GE, Allis-Chalmers, Celanese Corp. of America, Selvase & Lee.  : for Doyle Dane-Bernbach, Grey Adv., Ted Bates,  Handman & Sklar, Don Greene Associates, Sweet & Co., and Venet Advertising.

Selected credits

 * No. 1: "Space Science: A Journey Through Our Solar System" (13 min., 47 seconds). &.
 * No. 1: "Space Science: A Journey Through Our Solar System" (13 min., 47 seconds). &.


 * No. 1: "Ecology: The Greenhouse Effect" (12 min.)..
 * No. 1: "Ecology: The Greenhouse Effect" (12 min.)..


 * No. 1: "Biology: The Biology of Water" (16 min.)..
 * No. 2: "Geology: Energy From the Sun" (18 min.)..
 * No. 3: "Entomology: Insects and Biology" (16 min.)..
 * No. 4: "Entomology: Insects and Chemistry" (16 min.)..
 * No. 5: "Engineering: The Science of Robotics" (15 min.). &.
 * No. 6: "Energy: Nuclear Waste Management" (16 min.)..
 * No. 7/8: "Ecology: Saving America's Wildlife" (26 min.)..
 * No. 7/8: "Ecology: Saving America's Wildlife" (26 min.)..

Editorial bent
Stephen W Smith, editor of the Hot Record Society Rag, leaned towards what then was progressive jazz. Eugene Williams (1918–1948), through Jazz Information, leaned towards a New Orleans revivalists bent.

Everlast Process Printing (1942)

 * Everlast Process Printing Company, Nat Linzer (1907–1966) and Saul Linzer (1914–2012), co-partners, proprietors, brothers
 * 27 West 24th Street, New York, New York (per WWII draft registration)
 * Home: 488 East Houston, New York City

Picture News (PM) personnel

 * Picture News, Sunday Magazine Section of PM
 * EDITOR: WilKam T. McClecry.
 * Managing Editor: Herbert Yahrae*.
 * Associate Editors:: Lorimer D. Heywood; Kenneth Stewart; David R. Lindsay*; Peggy Wright; Gertrude Saunas
 * Staff: Raymond Abrashkin**; Skippy Adelman; Holly Beye; W. Russell Bowie. Jr.»; Jean Evans; Robert A. Fuller*; Mary Morris; Charles Norman*; Roger Pippett; Robert Rice*; Selma Robinson; Dale Rooks* Lillian K. Ross.
 * Art Director: Russell Countryman.
 * * In the U. S. Armed Forces
 * ** In the U. S. Merchant Marine
 * Send Local Item contributions to Peggy Wright, 164 Duane Street, New York, 13, N. Y. We will pay a minimum of $2 for each contribution we use.

Adelman's pulp magazine works
Popular Publications, Inc. and Fictioneers, Inc., a subsidiary of Popular Publications, Inc.


 * 1948

<li> </ol>


 * 1949

<li> <li> <li> <li> <li> <li> <li> <li> <li> <li> <li> </ol>


 * 1950

<li> <li> <li> <li> </ol>


 * 1951

<li> <li> <li> <li>

<li> <li> </ol>


 * 1952

<li> <li> </ol>

––––––––––––––––––––


 * ms= miscellaneous
 * ar= article
 * ts= true story
 * vi= vignette

Edelman's songwriting

 * Jack Smiles, pseudonym for Julius Edelman


 * As sole writer, composer

<li> "Will It Ever Stop Rainin' ("Teardrops in My Heart") w&m & © Jack Smiles, pseudonym of Julius Edelman 26 November 1952:  EU295448 Marlong Music Corp.; 23 November 1953: EU338808 Library of Congress copyright card Renewed January 4, 1980: RE42907 Copyright claimant: Julius Edelman (A)

<li> "Cherry Pie" w&m © Jack Smiles 29 February 1952: EU266197 Library of Congress copyright card © Cambridge Music Corp. 2 May 1952: EU273376 Renewed January 4, 1980: RE42905 Copyright claimant: Julius Edelman aka Jack Smiles (A)
 * Recorded by "Texas" Bill Strength (né William Thomas Strength; 1928–1973) on Coral Records (1952) (Coral – 64117) (matrix 81934)★

<li> "Heartaches and Heartbreaks" w&m Jack Smiles, pseudonym of Julius Edelman 8 March 1976: EU658420

<li> "Let's Break It Down" ("Before We Break It Up") w&m Jack Smiles, pseudonym of Julius Edelman 26 July 1976: EU98857

<li> "On the Gulf of Mexico" w&m Jack Smiles; © Jack Smiles 11 August 1977: EU812061

<li> "Missing" w&m Jack Smiles 11 August 1977: EU802062</ol>


 * As co-writer, co-composer

<li> "Lost in the Forest of Your Heart" w&m Jack Smiles, pseudonym of Dick Young Sanford (né Richard Young Sandford; 1896–1981) and Julius Edelman May 25, 1953: EU317655 Library of Congress copyright card Renewed January 5, 1981: RE78526 Copyright claimant: Dick Sanford, & Julius Edelman aka Jack Smiles (A)</li>

<li> (My) "Sleepless Heart" w&m & © James Smiles, pseudonym of Julius Edelman; and Dick Sanford December 8, 1952: EU296642 Library of Congress copyright card Renewed January 4, 1980: RE43954 Copyright claimants: Jack Smiles aka Julius Edelman and Dick Sanford (A)</li>

<li> "Don't Waste Your Tears" w&m &  © Julius Edelman, pseudonym of Julius Edelman, Norbert Ludwig (1902–1960), and Ted Eddy (né Ted Eddy Simonetti; 1902–1985) Goday Music; 10 March 1952: EU267223 Library of Congress copyright card 24 March 1952: EU268851 Library of Congress copyright card Renewed January 4, 1980: RE42906</li>

<li> "Meant for Each Other" w&m Julius Edelman & Anne Bender 15 January 1953: EU301734 Library of Congress copyright card</li>

<li> "Mountain Gold" w&m Elaine Rivers, Jack Smiles, and Eve Cohen © Goday Music 4 November 1955: EU415800</li></ol>


 * → Cambridge Music Corp.
 * 1962: 565 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York
 * 1966: Camalus Productions,  a Joint  venture  between  Cambridge Music  Corp.,  Ltd.  &  Daedalus Productions,  Inc.,  employer  for  hire

––––––––––––––––––––

Copyrights
'Catalog of Copyright Entries,'' Third Series, Volume 6, Part 5B, Number 1, "Unpublished Music" (January–June 1952). Library of Congress, Copyright Office''' <li> </li> <li> </li></ol>

'Catalog of Copyright Entries,'' Third Series, Volume 31, Part 5, Number 2, Section 2, "Music – Current and Renewal Registrations" (July–December 1977). Library of Congress, Copyright Office'''

<li> </li>

<li> </li></ol>

<li> </li></ol>

Selected photos

 * https://photos.com by Getty Images (website).


 * → Inside cover of the abridged paperback of Naked City, photo by Skippy Adelman


 * About Naked City → ; ISBN 978-0-5202-5590-6;.


 * Two photos that captured Bill Keating (né William Emmet Keating; 1886–1964) singing, Arthur Semmig operating the record equipment in the foreground, and George Korson looking on or taking notes in the background, at the Pottsville Public Library, January & February 1946




 * 8-page photo-spread by Adelman on Eddie Condon's Sky Riders. Anderson, Condon's publicist, and Esquire, were roundly criticized for releasing what seemed like a publicity piece for Condon. The fallout was so severe that this was Esquire's last annual poll on jazz.


 * "Ewell Blackwell" (photo by Skippy Adelman), The Reds Official Souvenir Book, George Sigmund Rosenthal (1922–1967), editor and publisher (1947);


 * Jewish Welfare Fund (illustrated brochure), George Sigmund Rosenthal (1922–1967), Chairman, David Ransohoff, Vice Chairman, Julius Adelman and Ben Rothenberg, photography, Noel Martin (1922–2009), design, Jewish Welfare Fund of Cincinnati (1954) (archived at Jewish Federation of Cincinnati records)


 * ISCM Concert Group
 * ISCM Concert Group

<li> Louis Krasner (violin) <li> Ralph Hersh (1910–1985) (viola) <li> Seymour Barab (cello) <li> Salvatore Picardi (1906–1988) (mandolin) <li> John Smith (guitar) <li> Eric Jacob Simon (1907–1994) (bass clarinet) <li> Clark Louis Brody, Jr. (1914–2012) (clarinet) <li> Warren Joseph Galjour (1917–2009) (baritone)</ol>

During a recording session of Schoenberg's Serenade for Septet and Baritone, op. 24, Esoteric Records, Inc., 75 Greenwich Avenue, New York City. .
 * → The recording: ES-501A & ES-501B. Released July 6, 1949..


 * Vacher, Peter (2015). Swingin' on Central Avenue: African American Jazz in Los Angeles. Photo: "The Legends of Jazz" (photo by Julius Adelman); location unknown, c. 1974, Los Angeles: Ed Garland, Joe Darensbourg, Andy Blakeney, Louis Nelson, Barry Martyn (photo courtesy of Andy Blakeney). Rowman & Littlefield. ..

Discography photos


<li> D5VB996-2:	"When the Saints Go Marching In" <li> D5VB888-2: "Snag It."</ol>
 * Victor 40-0126

<li> D5VB997-1: "High Society." <li> D5VB887-2:	"Just a Closer Walk With Thee."</ol>
 * Victor 40-0127

<li> D5VB998-2: "At the Darktown Strutters' Ball." <li> D5VB886-2: "I Wish I Could Shimmy Like My Sister Kate."</ol>
 * Victor 40-0128

<li> D5VB999-2: "Franklin Street Blues." <li> D5VB889-2: "One Sweet Letter From You."</ol></ol>
 * Victor 40-0129


 * Skippy Adelman - Pee Wee Russell Jazz Ensemble - Pee Wee Russell ‎(3 shellac 10" discs, 78 rpm) Disc Records 632B. Recorded in New York, September 9, 1946..

<li> CD415: "Since My Best Gal Turned Me Down" <li> CD416:	"Muskogee Blue"</ol>

<li> CD417:	"Rosie" ("Make It Rosy For Me") <li> CD418:	"Take Me to the Land of Jazz"</ol>

<li> CD419:	"I'd Climb the Highest Mountain" <li> CD420	"Red Hot Mama Wells"</ol></ol>


 * Skippy Adelman - The Ragtime Band (album art), Tony Parenti's Ragtimers - The Ragtime Band ‎(3xShellac, 10", album) Circle S-8 (1947)
 * Skippy Adelman - Jazz A La Creole (album art), Nick and his Creole Serenaders (2xShellac, 10", album) Circle S-13 (1947)
 * Skippy Adelman - (Vol. 2) (album art) Billie Holiday (10", compilation, mono) Commodore FL 20,006 (1954)
 * Skippy Adelman - Strange Fruit (album art) Billie Holiday, Atlantic (1972)
 * Skippy Adelman - The Greatest Interpretations of Billie Holiday - Complete Edition (album art) (2xLP, Comp, Mono) London GSW 3003 (1974)
 * Skippy Adelman - The Greatest Interpretations of Billie Holiday - Alternate Choices - complete edition (album art) Commodore (1979)
 * Skippy Adelman - The Greatest Interpretations of Billie Holiday - Complete Edition (album art) Commodore, King (1986)
 * Skippy Adelman – Original Zenith Brass Band – Eclipse Alley Five & Avery-Tillman Band – New Orleans 1946. American Music Records (back cover photo) – AMCD-75 (CD) Released: 1994 (Discogs release code 16015073);.

Selected articles

 * Cover design by Paul Rand. More than 100 photos by Skippy Adelman, Bernice Abbott, and Sargent John Marsh; 1916–2003)
 * Cincinnati: Jazzways (1946); ,
 * New York: Greenberg (1946, 1947);
 * London: Musicians Press Ltd. (1947); ,
 * (Greenberg, Publisher, founded in 1924 by Jacob Walter Greenberg; 1894–1974; & David Benjamin Greenberg; 1892–1968; sold to Chilton Book Company in 1958)
 * Contributors
 * Vol. 1
 * "Report From Abroad," by Albert McCarthy
 * "Jazz begins," by Rudi Blesh
 * "Three Horns, Four Rhythm," by Dale Curran
 * "Going Down State Street," by Frederic Ramsey, Jr.
 * "Portrait of a Jazzman," Art Hodes
 * "Benny Goodman," by Alexander King
 * "Swing," by Frank Stacy, p. 49
 * "Lionel Hampton, by Peter Fischer
 * "New Orleans Today," by Eugene Williams & Julius "Skippy" Adelman (photographer) (note: Adelman, who later gave up photography, is still considered among the finest jazz photographers)
 * "Discollecting," by Frederic Ramsey, Jr.
 * Vol. 2
 * "Jazz begins," by Rudi Blesh
 * "Old Photographs"
 * "Going Down State Street," by Frederic Ramsey, Jr.
 * "Condon Mob"
 * "Hot Royalty"
 * "Benny Goodman," by Alexander King
 * "Lionel Hampton, by Peter Fischer
 * "Swing," by Frank Stacy (Stacy was, in the early 1940s, the New York editor for Down Beat)
 * "New Orleans Today," by Eugene Williams & Julius "Skippy" Adelman (born around 1924) (photographer) (note: Adelman, who later gave up photography, is still considered among the finest jazz photographers) Philadelphia jazz journalist Nels Nelson wrote in 1985 that Adelman was among the greatest jazz photographers in the world. In 1990, Nelson wrote that renowned jazz photographer "[Bill] Gottlieb ranks second only to the elusive Skippy Adelman in his capacity for capturing the moment."
 * "Discollecting," by Frederic Ramsey, Jr.
 * "Collector's Items"
 * "One for the Money"
 * "Two for the Show"
 * "Concerto for Woody"
 * "Portrait of a Jazzman," by Art Hodes (Hodes launched The Jazz Record in February 1943, which ran for 60 issues that ended November 1947)
 * "Three Brass, Four Rhythm," by Dale Curran, p. 24



Selected discography

 * Artists re-issued by Jazz Information


 * Freddie Keppard (Paramount)
 * Ollie Powers (Claxtonola)
 * Leola B. Wilson (Paramount)
 * Trixie Smith (Paramount)
 * Red Onion Jazz Babies (Gennett)
 * Bunk Johnson (Purist)
 * Bunny Berigan (unissued, Vocalion, Columbia)
 * Frank Froeba (unissued, Vocalion)
 * Don Albert (Vocalion)
 * Boots and His Buddies (Bluebird)
 * Carolina Cotton Pickers (Vocalion)
 * Ernie Fields (Vocalion)
 * Louis Armstrong (Storyville)
 * Joe Newman (Metronome)
 * Gerry Mulligan (Ingo)
 * Gerry Mulligan (Ingo)


 * Artists produced by Jazz Information


 * Bunk Johnson


 * ; ; . Note: This is the inaugural issue of Modern Photography, when Minicam became Modern Photography.

Film

 * Film (16mm) →.

Selected critical acclaim

 * In 2021, Alan John Ainsworth wrote, "Few photographers were closer to the world of the 1930s and 1940s jazz than Charles Peterson and Skippy Adelman." "Adelman, a Greenwich Village resident and one of a new generation of hard-bitten photojournalists, was as close as Peterson had been in midtown Manhattan to the swirl of activities around Condon." "... Adelman belonged chronologically to the new generation cohort but his life and work cautions against pigeonholing all these photographers as young, collegeeducated members of the middle class."


 * According to newspapers jazz columnist Nels Nelson, Skippy Adelman begat Otto Hess, who begat Charles Peterson, who begat Popsy Randolph, who begat Herman Leonard, who begat Chuck Stewart, who begat Robert Parent, who begat Burt Goldblatt, who begat Robert Polillo."


 * "Skippy Adelman's pictures have the spontaneity that is the very soul of jazz."

Cameras
For the Jazzways photographs, Adelman used:
 * Rolleiflex loaded with Super-XX film and Speed Graphic with Super Panchro Press, Type B. The Rollei used Wabash Press 25 bulbs, stops down to f 22 and shoots 1/200 second, and with the Speed Graphic, Wabash Press 40s were used with the diaphragm set at f 32.

Other references

 * See this: "Skippy Adelman and George Rosenthal, Jr., who teamed up to cover the spring training of the Cincinnati Reds (Minicam, Sept. 1948), found the telephoto lens invaluable for the job. 'We used the telephoto for action shots'.

On the subject of Jim Crow, Adelman shot a photo of a "Colored [sic] Crew Only" painted on the lavatory of the Francis Scott Key, a ferryboat to the Statue of Liberty. The Chicago Defender ran a series following that photo.


 * see this


 * Skippy Adelman photos at the International Center of Photography, 250 Bowery, New York, gift of Michael W. Sonnenfeldt, 2013


 * photo: [Melio Annello, Foster, and Louis Muraca]
 * photo: Gene Saks playing a street-corner huckster in the E. E. Cummings revival, HIM, Provincetown Playhouse, New York
 * photo: Jacques Abram playing piano
 * photo: Dr. Alvin Johnson
 * photo: Evelyn Winnike taking popcorn from Bob Preston (né Robert Preston; class of 1947), Roslyn High School
 * photo: Frank Gilmore Kingdon, D.D. (1894–1972)
 * photo: Edward G. Robinson
 * photo: Kenneth W. Payne (né Kenneth Wilcox Payne; 1890–1962), Charles Ferguson (né Charles Wright Ferguson; 1901–1987), and Ralph Ernest Henderson (1899–1989), Reader's Digest editors
 * photo: Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. and another man sm...
 * photo: José Iturbi playing piano
 * photo: [Two women in a yard]
 * photo: Joe Bonomo
 * photo: [Frank V. Kelly]
 * photo: Captain John Patrick, author of The Hasty Heart
 * photo: Eddie Rickenbacker
 * photo: Zero Mostel
 * photo: Zero Mostel
 * photo: Zero Mostel


 * photo: Mrs. George Washington Kavanaugh (née Marie Miller, 1866–1958), PM, November 28, 1943 (Photo by Skippy Adelman)
 * Philippa Schuyler portrait collection;

Disambiguation
Not to be confused with Bob Adelman (1930–2016), known for his photos relating to civil rights.

Books, journals, magazines, and papers

 * ISBN 978-0-9807-0275-0, ISBN 0-9807-0275-5;.

Adelman credits: <li> Page 94: Jack Lesberg</li> <li> Page 95: Bud Freeman</li> <li> Page 96: Dizz' (lower right)</li> <li> Page 97: Sarah Vaughan</li> <li> Page 99: (upper left)</li> <li> Page 100: Peanuts Hucko</li> <li> Page 101: Mary Lou Williams</li></ol></ol>
 * → Photography credits on p. 50.


 * ; ISBN 978-0-5202-6117-4 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-5202-6183-9 (paperback);.


 * ; ISBN 978-0-8135-8710-3 (cloth); ISBN 978-0-8135-8711-0 (paperback);.


 * ISBN 1-7893-8423-0;.


 * Re: Arthur Leipzig: Interview and transcript by Kay Reese & Mimi Leipzig (née Mildred Levin; 1923–2022; Arthur's wife). In 1996, the ASMP staff edited the transcript for online presentation and added supplemental biographic information.


















 * Orphan →




 * ; ISBN 0-8766-3685-7; ISBN 0-8766-3745-4 (paperback);.









<li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li></ol>
 * , ; ;, (online version). Note: Mathieu was the founder of Minicam Photography

<li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> <li> {{hanging indent |text={{URL|{{GBurl|7esmAQAAIAAJ|p=|dq="adelman"}}|1942. Vol. 6}} – via Google Books (University of California) (snippet view). </li> <li> {{hanging indent |text={{URL|{{GBurl|5ewmAQAAIAAJ|p=|dq="adelman"}}|1943. Vol. 7}} – via Google Books (University of California) (snippet view). }}</li> <li> {{hanging indent |text={{URL|{{GBurl|ScEcAQAAMAAJ|p=|dq="adelman"}}|1946. Vol. 9, Nos. 7–12}} – via Google Books (University of Minnesota) (snippet view). }}</li> <li> {{hanging indent |text={{URL|{{GBurl|8logAQAAMAAJ|p=|dq="adelman"}}|1947}} – via Google Books (University of Minnesota) (snippet view). }}</li> <li> {{hanging indent |text={{URL|{{GBurl|DfEmAQAAIAAJ|p=|dq="adelman"}}|1948. Vol. 12}} – via Google Books (University of Minnesota) (snippet view). }}</li> <li> {{hanging indent |text={{URL|{{GBurl|wWIgAQAAMAAJ|p=|dq="adelman"}}|1948}} – via Google Books (University of Minnesota) (snippet view). }}</li></ol>


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Motion Picture Daily, January 21,|1953|p=6}} |last1=Motion Picture Daily |author-link1=Motion Picture Daily |date=January 21, 1953 |title=Edelman Joins Elgar |url=https://archive.org/details/motionpicturedai73unse/page/n109/mode/2up |series={{free access}} |volume=73 |issue=1 |page=6 |access-date=May 25, 2022 |via=Internet Archive }}

<li> {{cite book |last1=Via Penn State |author-link1=Penn State |title=(link) |url=https://journals.psu.edu/pmhb/article/viewFile/58982/58708&usg=AOvVaw25IWCvoBET_LaXeyVV70WP |series={{free access}} }}</li> <li> {{cite book |last1=JSTOR |author-link1=JSTOR |title=20093917 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093917 |url-access=subscription }}</li></ol>
 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Nystrom, January|2007|pp=92–93}} |last1=Nystrom |first1=Eric Charles, PhD |date=January 2007 |title=Miner, Minstrel, Memory: Or, Why the Smithsonian Has Bill Keating's Pants |journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |volume=131 |issue=1 |pages=81–101 (footnote 33) }} Retrieved May 17, 2022. {{ISSN|0031-4587}} (publication); {{OCLC|16878219|show=all}} (publication); {{OCLC|204883681|703635340}} (article).


 * {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Pelizzon & West,|2010|p=}} |last1=Pelizzon |first1=V. Penelope |author-link1=V. Penelope Pelizzon |last2=West |first2=Nancy Martha (born 1963) |date=2010 |title=Tabloid, Inc.: Crimes, Newspapers, Narratives (Chapter 5) |url=https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/44630/1/P_and_W_Book4CD.pdf |publisher=Ohio State University Press |access-date=May 13, 2022 |via=Theory and Interpretation of Narrative (journal), Ohio State University Press }} {{LCCN|2009032132}}; {{ISBN|978-0-8142-1117-5}}, {{ISBN|0-8142-1117-8}}; {{OCLC|759724208|show=all}}.


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Pelizzon & West,|Spring|2004|p=28}} |last1=Pelizzon |first1=V. Penelope |author-link1=V. Penelope Pelizzon |last2=West |first2=Nancy Martha (born 1963) |date=Spring 2004 |title='Good Stories' From the Mean Streets: Weegee and Hard-Boiled Autobiography |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/54774/summary |url-access=subscription |journal=The Yale Journal of Criticism |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=20–50|access-date=May 23, 2022 }} {{Project MUSE|54774}}. {{cite book |title=Alternate link |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_yale-journal-of-criticism_spring-2004_17_1/page/28/mode/2up |url-access=registration |access-date=May 25, 2022 |via=Internet Archive }}


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Popular Photography, June|1946|pp=54–55}} |last1=Popular Photography |author-link1=Popular Photography |date=June 1946 |title=Jazz Pix |url={{GBurl|jmczAQAAMAAJ|p=54|dq=adelman}} |series={{free access}} |language=en-US |location=Chicago |publisher=Ziff-Davis Publishing Company |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=54–55 |via=Google Books |url-access= |access-date=May 9, 2022 }} {{OCLC|5517354|show=all}}.


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Popular Photography, July|1972|p=64}} |last1=Popular Photography |author-link1=Popular Photography |last2=Nathan |first2=Simon Morris (1921–2004) |date=July 1972 |title=Simon Says |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_popular-photography_1972-07_71_1/page/n79/mode/2up |url-access=registration |volume=71 |issue=1 |page=64 |access-date=May 25, 2022 |via=Internet Archive}}


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Price, December 30,|1944|p=30}} |last1=Price |first1=Jack |date=December 30, 1944 |title=Photography: New PM Studio Plant Shows Good Planning – Housing and Equipment of New York Daily Help Efficient Operation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_editor-publisher_1944-12-30_77_53/page/50/mode/2up |journal=Editor & Publisher |series={{free access}} |volume=77 |issue=53 |page=50 |access-date=May 25, 2022 |via=Internet Archive }}


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Record Changer, March|1947|p=8–9 & 15}} |last1=Record Changer (The) |author-link1=:de:The Record Changer |last2=by Allergy Condom {{sic}} |date=March 1947 |title=Record Changer's Book Review – Esquire's 1947 Jazz Book, Esquire, Inc., Chicago, 1947 |url=https://archive.org/details/recordchanger06unse/page/n13/mode/2up |series={{free access}} |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=8–9 & 15 |access-date=May 17, 2022 |via=Internet Archive }} {{LCCN|2003223732}} & {{LCCN|48028187}}; {{OCLC|01774075|show=all}}.


 * {{cite journal |title=Record Changer (The) |url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Record_Changer |date=March 1949 |series={{free access}} |volume=8 |issue=3 }} Retrieved May 17, 2022 – via Internet Archive {{LCCN|2003223732}}; {{OCLC|01774075|show=all}}.

<li> {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Record Changer, Delaunay, March|1949|pp=13–14}} |last1=Delaunay |first1=Charles |author-link1=Charles Delaunay |title=An Attack on Critical Jabberwalky |url=https://archive.org/details/recordchanger08unse/page/n97 |pages=13–14 }}</li> <li> {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Record Changer, Finkelstein, March|1949|pp=11–12}} |last1=Finkelstein |first1=Sidney (1909–1974) |title=Peace in the Ranks |url=https://archive.org/details/recordchanger08unse/page/n95 |pages=11–12}}</li></ol>


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Parenti, Gillis, and Morser, May-June|1960|p=8}} |last1=Parenti |first1=Tony (interviewee) |author-link1=Tony Parenti |last2=Gillis |first2=Frank (interviewor) |author-link2=Frank Gillis |last3=Morser |first3=Roy Christian, Jr. (1926–1990) (interviewor) |date=May-June 1960 |title=Tony Parenti's Story – The Years in New York; 1928/1950 |url=https://archive.org/details/RecordResearch28/page/n3/mode/2up?q=%22adelman%22 |location=Brooklyn |journal=Record Research |series={{free access}} |volume=Issue 28 |pages=2–4, 7–8, 9–10 |access-date=June 6, 2022 |via=Internet Archive}} {{LCCN|sf79010512}}, {{LCCN|sv89013740}}; {{ISSN|0034-1592}}; {{OCLC|04554179|show=all}}.


 * {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Toledano,|1994|p=89}} |last1=Toledano |first1=Ralph de |author-link1=Ralph de Toledano |date=1994 |orig-date=1947 |title=Frontiers of Jazz |url={{GBurl|0m6ofMIF7d4C |p=89 |dq="eugene williams"}} |type=limited preview |edition=3rd revised |publisher=Pelican Publishing Company |page=89 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |via=Google Books }} {{LCCN|93042542}}; {{ISBN|1-5655-4043-3}}; {{OCLC|461364170|show=all}}.

{{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Variety, January 21,|1953|p=36}} |last1=Variety |author-link1=Variety (magazine) |date=January 21, 1953 |title=Television Chatter" – "New York" – "Julius Edelman {{nowrap| ... }} |url=https://archive.org/details/variety189-1953-01/page/n393/mode/2up |series={{free access}} |volume=189 |issue=7 |pages=36 }}


 * Orphan → {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Welburn, Autumn|1987|p=255–270}} |last1=Welburn |first1=Ronald Garfield, PhD |date=Autumn 1987 |title=Jazz Magazines of the 1930s: An Overview of Their Provocative Journalism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3051735 |url-access=subscription |journal=American Music |publisher=University of Illinois Press |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=255–270 }} {{ISSN|0734-4392}} (publication); {{JSTOR|3051735}} (article); {{OCLC|6733330569|7376919917}} (article).


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Williams, November|1941|p=100}} |date=November 1941 |last1=William |first1=Eugene |author-link1=Eugene Williams |title=A History of Jazz Information |url=http://www.swingdjs.com/viewtopic.php?t=1488 |type=transcript |journal=Jazz Information |volume=2 |issue=16 |pages=93–101 |access-date=May 16, 2022 }} Retrieved May 16, 2022 – via {{URL|https://www.swingdjs.com}} – jazz forum site that was active for 16 years, through January 2019, registered to and maintained by Jesse Miner, a San Francisco area chef and jazz history enthusiast. The forum boards were closed in January 2019, but much of its content, as of May 2022, has been accessible. The 23 links to transcripts of Jazz Information on a former website of the late Joseph Elbert Shepherd (1926–2021) of Sterling, Virginia, have been archived by Wayback Machine.


 * {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Writer's Digest, February|1950|p=38}} |last1=Writer's Digest |author-link1=Writer's Digest |date=February 1950 |title=Afternoon in An Office |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_writers-digest_1950-02_30/page/38/mode/2up |journal=Writer's Digest |location=Cincinnatti |pages=13, 38, 74 }}; {{ISSN|0043-9525}}; {{OCLC|531780687}}. Aaron Maximillion Mathieu (1907–1996), founder of Minicam Photography'', was the publication's business manager.

{{ref end}}


 *  News media 


 * {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|American Israelite, April 8,|1954|p=1}} |last1=American Israelite (The) |author-link1=The American Israelite |date=April 8, 1954 |title=Illustrated Booklett, 'Jewish Welfare Fund,' Issued in Cincinnati |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/531441503 |url-access=subscription |location=Cincinnati |page=1 |access-date=May 17, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com}} {{LCCN|2012263168}}; {{OCLC|806971213|show=all}}.


 * {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|Daily Sentinel, May 21,|1947|p=13}} |last1=Daily Sentinel |last2=Williams |first2=Joe |date=May 21, 1947 |title=Horses Faster Now Than Quarter of Century Ago |url=https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Rome%20NY%20Daily%20Sentinel/Rome%20NY%20Daily%20Sentinel%201947/Rome%20NY%20Daily%20Sentinel%201947%20-%202061.pdf |series={{free access}} |location=Rome, New York |volume=66 |issue= |page=13 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |via=Fultonhistory.com }} "The picture of Ewell Blackwell of the Cincinnati Reds on the club's official souvenir book is a collector's item. It's right out of Tobacco Road. Incidentally, this is the best illustrated book of its kind in the field, a remarkable job by Photographer Skippy Adelman."


 * Orphan → {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 10,|1990|pp=5T, 6T, 15T}} |last1=Navadan – the Sunday magazine of the Las Vegas Review-Journal |author-link1=Las Vegas Review-Journal |last2=Moody |first2=Bill |author-link2=Bill Moody (author) |date=June 10, 1990 |title="Nevadans" – "Jazz Age Lives in Photography – Las Vegas Man Has Thousands of Pictures in Collection" |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2:1508AFD0E83DBED6@GB3NEWS-16E3D2E15A426A80@2448053-16E3CFED1B83E27F@195-16E3CFED1B83E27F |url-access=subscription |volume=29, no. 23 |pages=5T, 6T, 15T |access-date=May 19, 2022 |via=GenealogyBank}} {{LCCN|sn84020375}}; {{ISSN|1097-1645}}; {{OCLC|8079993|show=all}}. Re: Photo collection of Ken Whitten: "Whitten lists among his favorites Otto Hess, Charles Peterson, Bill Gottlieb (Giants of Jazz), Bert Goldblatt, and Skippy Adelman." "{{-'}}Adelman and Goldblatt just kind of dissappeared but the both took some great shots in the mid-40s,' Whitten said." The article states that Whitten has over 3,000 jazz photos. He, and the author of Moonlight Serenade purchased the negatives from Arsene Studios. Note: Whitten, in 1965, had an address of 37 Saint Leonard's Crescent, Toronto.{{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|Billboard, November 6,|1965|p=62}} |last1=Billboard |author-link1=Billboard (magazine) |date=November 6, 1965 |title=The Jazz Beat |url={{GBurl|YykEAAAAMBAJ|p=62|dq="whitten" }} |series={{free access}} |volume=77 |issue=45 |page=62 |access-date=May 19, 2022 |via=Google Books }}
 * {{smallcaps|Arsene Studios}}
 * {{hanging indent |text=1943: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York (1585 Broadway – The Strand Theater Building – between 47th and 48th Streets, in Times Square, is the current site of the Morgan Stanley Building) }}
 * 1944: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York
 * 1945: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York
 * 1946: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York
 * 1947: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York
 * 1948: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York
 * 1949: 1585 C Broadway, New York, New York
 * 1951: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York
 * 1952: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York
 * 1953: 1585 D Broadway, New York, New York
 * {{hanging indent |text=1954: 756 7th Avenue, New York, New York (below the Winter Garden Theatre) }}
 * 1955: 756 7th Avenue, New York, New York
 * 1956: 756 7th Avenue, New York, New York
 * 1957: 756 7th Avenue, New York, New York
 * 1958: 756 7th Avenue, New York, New York
 * 1959: 756 7th Avenue, New York, New York
 * Leo Arsene, an entertainment photographer, had a shop on Seventh Avenue.


 * Other big collectors of jazz photos: Frank Driggs (acquired many B&W negatives from Leo Arsene)


 * {{cite book |last1=Flower |first1=John |date=|title=Moonlight Serenade – A Bio-Discography of the Glenn Miller Civilian Band |url=https://archive.org/details/moonlightserenad0000flow |url-access=registration |publisher=Arlington House Publishers |access-date=May 19, 2022 |via=Internet Archive }} {{LCCN|74179717}}; {{ISBN|0-8700-0161-2}}; {{OCLC|681768770|show=all}}.


 * {{cite book |last1=Stokes |first1=W. Royal |author-link1=W. Royal Stokes |date=1991 |title=The Jazz Scene: An Informal History From New Orleans to 1990 |url=https://archive.org/details/jazzsceneaninfor00stok/page/n5/mode/2up |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=May 19, 2022 |via=Internet Archive}} {{LCCN|9014208}}; {{ISBN|0-1950-8270-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-1950-8270-8}}; {{OCLC|848061522|show=all}}; Scribd {{URL|https://www.scribd.com/document/477510387|477510387}}.


 * Re: Leo Arsene → {{cite journal |ref={{SfnRef|New Yorker, March 26,|1990|pp=30–31}} |last1=New Yorker (The) |author-link1=The New Yorker |last2=Singer |first2=Barry |date=March 18, 1990 |title=No End |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1990/03/26/no-end |url-access=subscription |type=limited preview |pages=30–31 |access-date=May 19, 2022 }} → {{cite book |title=Also accessible online via Chartwell Booksellers |url=https://www.chartwellbooksellers.com/author/thenewyorker/6.%20No%20End%20(3-26-1990).pdf |series={{free access}} |access-date=May 19, 2022}}


 * {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|Philadelphia Daily News, November 22,|1985|p=70}} |last1=Philadelphia Daily News |author-link1=Philadelphia Daily News |last2=Nelson |first2=Nels |date=November 22, 1985 |title=Some People Sweat Better Than Others |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/186049220 |url-access=subscription |volume=61 |issue=162 |page=70 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com }} {{ProQuest|1827395706}} (US Newsstream database).


 * {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|Philadelphia Daily News, June 22,|1990|p=50}} |last1=Philadelphia Daily News |author-link1=Philadelphia Daily News |last2=Nelson |first2=Nels |date=June 22, 1990 |title=Snap Judgements – Bill Gottlieb's Photos Are a History of Jazz |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/186659343 |url-access=subscription |volume=66 |issue=70 |page=50 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com}} {{ProQuest|1834816535}} (US Newsstream database).


 * {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|Pottsville-Republican, February 9,|1946|p=6}} |last1=Pottsville Republican |author-link1=Pottsville Republican |date=February 9, 1946 |title=About Books {{nowrap| ..... }} and Thereabouts |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/449745155 |url-access=subscription |volume=121 |issue=89 |page=6 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com }} {{LCCN|sn85055289}}; {{OCLC|12851117|show=all}}.

{{ref end}}
 * {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|Wilkes-Barre Record, February 1,|1946|p=24}} |last1=Wilkes-Barre Record |date=February 1, 1946 |title=Mine Ballads Are Recorded – Library of Congress Sends Expedition for Anthracite Folk Song |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/106031081 |url-access=subscription |type=weekly |volume=113 |issue=88 |page=24 (section 2) |access-date=May 17, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com }} {{LCCN|sn86063534}}; {{OCLC|13386445|show=all}}.

Copyrights and trademarks


'Catalog of Copyright Entries,'' Part 1, Group 2, Pamphlets, Leaflets, Contributions to Newspapers or Periodicals, Etc. – Maps. New Series, Volume 43 (1946). Library of Congress, Copyright Office''' <li> </ol></ol>

Genealogy
<li> <li> <li> <li> </ol></ol>




 * Digital source → NARA digital publication T627 → Digital image 2 (of 18) Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790–2007, RG (record group) No 29. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration (2012). Roll 2635.