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"Alabama"

It was written in response to the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing on September 15, 1963, an attack by the Ku Klux Klan in Birmingham, Alabama that killed four African-American girls.

Recorded 63 days days after the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing and 4 days days before the assassination of John F. Kennedy.


 * re: Alabama (John Coltrane song)

Two were convicted of possession of dynamite and, on October 9, 1963, received a small fine ($100) and a 180-day jail sentence for possessing the dynamite. The jail sentences were suspended.  Robert Edward Chambliss (1904–1985) (reported as 59)  John Wesley Hall (1927–1977) (35)

Convicted October 8, 1963, possession of dynamite, receiving a small fine ($100) and a six-month sentence for possessing the dynamite.  Charles Arnie Cagle (22), a resident of nearby Gardendale (case that identifies Cagle). His father was the Rev. A. M. Cagle.

Others??  Thomas Edwin Blanton, Jr. (1938–2020)  Herman Frank Cash (1918–1994)  Bobby Frank Cherry (1930–2004)

Were, on October 9, 1963, found not guilty and received a small fine and a six-month sentence, the maximum for illegal possession of dynamite.

At that time, Birmingham had experienced 42 bombings since World War II, all unsolved.

Hall, Cagle, and Chambliss were members of the "Cahaba Bridge Boys" ( "Cahaba River Boys" aka "Cahaba Boys") (a name derived from the Cahaba River)

Reviews
Jazz critic Francis Davis can't substantiate the claim that "Alabama" was a memorial to the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.

Filmography
 Quest WPCP-5094  Qwest Records 1-45130  Reprise Records 1-45130  BMG Direct Marketing, Inc. D 100372
 * Malcolm X (1992), directed by Spike Lee. The take used was from the November 18, 1963, session, matrix 90018-5. The soundtrack was released as a CD December 10, 1992, on:

Berlin
Fifth day of the Berlin Jazz Festival, November 5, 2016 – a rainy Saturday night, four days before the world woke to learn that Trump had been elected president –



DeJohnette's sit-in with Trane
About 37 years ago – 1962 or 1963 – DeJohnette, at age 19, while still in high school, sat-in with John Coltrane's quartet at the start of the last set, when Elvin Jones was late returning. DeJohnette had been in the audience at a small Chicago jazz club, McKie Fitzhugh's Disc Jockey Show Lounge, operated by Fitzhugh ( Merrill McKie Fitzhugh; 1916–1970). The club was at 6325 South Cottage Grove Avenue, at East 63rd Street, on the first floor of the Strand Hotel, next to the Tivoli Theatre (6323 South Cottage Grove Avenue) in Woodlawn neighborhood on Chicago's South Side near the El's Cottage Grove station. DeJohnette recalled playing "I Want to Talk About You" (by Billy Eckstine), "Mr. PC" (by Coltrane), and perhaps one or two other tunes. He said that the quartet was about to play "My Favorite Things" when Jones arrived and thanked him for filling in.


 * About three years later, DeJohnette performed on a gig – from March 2, 1966, through March 6 – in Chicago with John Coltrane at the Plugged Nickel – a small nightclub operated by Michael L. Pierpaoli (b. 1931) in Old Town, Near North Side at 1321 North Wells Street (operated from 1962 through the early 1970s). The band – which included two saxophones and two drummers – included Alice Coltrane (piano), Rashied Ali (drums), Pharoah Sanders (saxophone), and Jimmy Garrison (bass) – two drummers and two saxophonists. And, on one night, Roscoe Mitchell showed-up and sat in.


 * Next to the Tivoli Theatre at 6323 South Cottage Grove Avenue, which stood just south of the southeast corner of East 63rd Street and South Cottage Grove Avenue.
 * 1 block from the Grand Ballroom (formerly the Frank Loeffler Building) 6351 S. Cottage Grove, at East 64th Street

(opened 1956; closed in the 1960s):

McKee suggested that DeJohnette sit in and Trane didn't question it. He played 2 or 3 tunes, DeJohnette recalled, "I Want to Talk About You" (composed by Billy Eckstine), "Mr. PC" (by Coltrane), and a couple other tunes. We were about to play "My Favorite Things" when Elvin came in and thanked me for filling in for him.


 * 
 * McKie's Disc Jockey Show Lounge photo
 * link


 * Later on, on a gig from March 2, 1966, through March 6, I had the opportunity to go back to Chicago with John Coltrane at the Plugged Nickel – a small nightclub operated by Michael L. Pierpaoli (b. 1931) in Old Town, Near North Side at 1321 North Wells Street (operated from 1962 through the early 1970s) – when he had the new band with Alice Coltrane and Rashied Ali and Pharoah Sanders and Jimmy Garrison. That was event more phenomenal, because we had two drummers, two saxophone players. I remember one night, Roscoe Mitchell came and sat in. So musically, mentally, and spiritually, it was one of the most challenging gigs I ever did.


 * link


 * link


 * Trane at McKie's

Trane at McKie's

 * 1962: March 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
 * 1962: August 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
 * 1962: December 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31
 * 1963: January 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (December 19 – January 6: 3 weeks)
 * 1963: May 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
 * 1964: February 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
 * July 15, 26, 1964
 * July 26, 1964 thru


 * link


 * Temp



Roy Wood
1937, the year Morehouse College accepted women, Wood graduated.





Marsha Washington George's relatives

 * ISBN 1401022545 (hardback), ISBN 1-4010-2255-3 (paperback),,.


 * Georgia State Senate Privileged Resolution – House Resolution 1600, Commending Marsha Washington George, House Read and Adopted March 19, 2018.


 * George's relative