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Murray is a city in Clarke County, Iowa, United States. The population was 684 at the time of the 2020 census.

U.S. Post Office
The first U.S. Post Office in Murray was established September 20, 1869 – In section 10, Troy Township; for which, Albert B. Straub, on October 2, 1868, was appointed postmaster. Straub had been a member of Company E of the 50th Illinois Infantry Regiment and served in the Union Army during the Civil War.

Straub's successors were Oakland
 * From November 27, 1868: Albert ("Bert") Straub (1842–1897)
 * September 20, 1869: Changed post office name from Oakland to Murray.
 * February 16, 1870: William Chipman Martindale (1848–1903)
 * November 9, 1870: Uriah "Ur" Chester Fitch (1839–1884)


 * 1) George W. Sefrit (1828–1901)
 * 2) Aaron Cochran
 * 3) Ed. Warner
 * 4) J.H. Martindale
 * 5) H.M. Martindale
 * 6) Wesley Stiffler

Founding of Oakland
Murray was founded in 1868 as Oakland, The Burlington and Missouri River Railroad (B&MR) extended its line from Burlington, Iowa, about 164 miles west, to Murray in 1867. Before that, for nearly two decades – since the first settlement – Clarke County was served by stage lines. Since there alread was an Oakland in Iowa, the town was renamed Murray, the namesake of a railroad employee.

The village was laid out in 1868, by Messrs. Sigler of Osceola and Smith Henderson Mallory (1835–1903) of Chariton, and, in the beginning, occupied a 120 acre tract. It is divided into forty-eight blocks, each 316 feet square. The streets running east and west are numbered from the south, from First to Ninth. The north and south streets are, beginning at the west, Sherman, Lyon, Maple, Grant, Colfax, McClellan and Troy. Maple avenue and Fifth street are the principal thoroughfares.

Incorporation of Murray
Murray was incorporated Thursday, October 21, 1880, 0 years after Clarke County had been established by the Territorial Legislature (January 13, 1846). Murray's first City Council meeting was held December 7, 1880.

Murray is in western Clarke County – Section 10 of the Troy Township – about ten miles west of Osceola. It is situated along the historic Mormon Trail. Driving distance, Des Moines is 57.6 miles via I-35 N and Omaha is 122.5 miles via US-34 W.


 * Early mayors
 * 1880 – March 1882: Alanson Bowers (1848–1922)
 * 1882 – 1883: David Dickson Cathels (1846–1904)
 * 1883 – 1884: Henry B. Hermance (1833–1904)
 * March 1884 – 188?: Creed Clay Scott (1844–1921)
 * Other early officials
 * 1886–1887:
 * Trustees: Nels Christian Larson (1827–1915); J.U. Jones; Horace F. Howard (1828–1898); Samuel Lewis Landes, MD (1836–1920); Henry Day Woodward (1843–1905); and Joseph J. Hoffman (1938–1928)
 * Recorder: G.G. Hallum
 * Assessor: Henry B. Hermance
 * Street Commissioner: D.B. Kirk
 * Treasurer: John Horton (Hort) Martindale (1834–1898)

Early settlers
William Bell (1821–1907) and wife, Louisa (née Darnold; 1822–1900), in 1851, moved from Troy, Ohio, to Clarke County and settled 6 miles east of what became Murray. They were the first non-native American settlers in Clarke County.

Mormon Trail
Mormon Trail

Railroad
A forerunner of the BNSF, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad (CB&Q) had a branch line across Southern Iowa, the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad (B&MR). The latter was incorporated in Burlington in 1852. Operations began over the first few miles of track on New Year’s Day, 1856. The railroad reached Ottumwa by 1857, through Murray in the fall of 1858 and was completed to the Missouri River in November 1859.

There were three train stations in Clarke County: (i) Woodburn, in Jackson Township; (ii) Osceola, in Osceola Township, and (iii) Murray, in Troy Township.


 * "MURRAY - This is the name given to the new station of the B. & M. R.R. ten miles west of Osceola. It is locatedon a beautiful, high rolling prairie, in the midst of a splendid agricultural potion of the county. It is in Troy township and near the State road leading from Osceola to Afton, and also on the road from Winterset, running south. It is perhaps in the most fertile but least timbered part of the county. There is, however, good timber in sight on South river and Seven Mile Creek. The proprietors of Murray are the B. & M. R.R. and H.C. Sigler, Esq., of Osceola. It is expected to become an important shipping point."







Murray Roadside Park

 * 1352-1372 U.S. 34
 * Murray, Iowa
 * GPS: 41.025629, -93.946535
 * Elevation: 1184'

Located ten miles west of Osceola on U.S. Hwy-34, the Murray Roadside Park offers travelers and local residents 12 acres for peaceful, rural outdoor relaxation. The town of Murray is just one half mile north of the park. It was the very first Clakre County Park. The park has a picnic shelter, a playground, rest rooms, and a variety of trees, shrubs and wildflowers that attract birds and other wildlife.

34th Infantry Division Highway
On July 31, 1948, by way of a ceremony at Red Oak, Iowa — about 71 mi west of Murray via US-34 — US Highway 34 (the part that runs through Iowa) was dedicated as the 34th Infantry Division Memorial Highway, for the Iowans who served during World War II. Signs with the Red Bull insignia for the 34th are posted along the highway, from Burlington, Iowa, to Plattsmouth, Nebraska. The insignia was designed in 1917 by an Iowan, Marvin Dorwart Cone (1891–1965), while serving in the U.S. Army at Camp Cody, New Mexico.

Selected businesses

 * Ames National Corp. – First National Bank
 * The Pella Corp., a manufacturer of windows and doors, has announced plans to open a new facility in Murray, occupying a portion of the space left vacant by the departure of Mattel Inc. earlier this year.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.79 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 U.S. Census, there were 684 people, xxx households, and xxx families living in Murray.

2010 census
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 756 people, 337 households, and 200 families living in Murray. The population density was 957.0 PD/sqmi. There were 337 housing units at an average density of 426.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.1% White, 0.5% African American, and 1.3% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of the population.

There were 310 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.5% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the city was 36.8 years. 26.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.2% were from 45 to 64; and 14.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 766 people, 308 households, and 218 families living in the city. The population density was 977.4 PD/sqmi. There were 338 housing units at an average density of 431.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.43% White, 0.65% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.

There were 305 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,879, and the median income for a family was $37,083. Males had a median income of $27,583 versus $20,577 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,879. About 5.0% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over.

Schools

 * Murray Community School District

Vicinity schools
In 1858 the Free School Act was passed by the Iowa legislature. This act allowed local property taxes to support the local schools. Because schools need money to operate, this act made it possible for schools to develop more quickly. This act also allowed for building one high school in each of Iowa’s 99 counties. A superintendent for each county was hired.

Troy Township schools
 * School No. 1, east boundary Section 31: northeast corner of Ira Crandall Reed (1819–1890) 40 acre tract.
 * School No. 2, southwest corner Section 17: southeast corner of John Wesley Bott (1839–1915) 40 acre tract.
 * School No. 3, northeast corner Section 7: northeast corner of Ferdinand D. Friday (1833–1920) 240 acre tract.
 * School No. 4, southwest corner Section 12: southeast corner of Franklin Monroe Bell (1877–1963) tract.
 * School No. 5, northeast corner Section 23: northeast corner of E.M. Carter (née Elizabeth Maria Mathews; 1854–1927) 40 acre tract. E.M. Carter was the widow of Phillip Linkenbach (died about 1880). She had remarried to Dayton Otis Carter (1866–1947)
 * School No. 6, southwest corner Section 25: southeast corner of John Wesley Miller, Jr. (1863–1957) 160 acre tract.
 * School No. 7, northeast corner Section 33: northeast corner of James Cassius Lambertson (1868–1934) 240 acre tract.

Madison Township schools
 * School No. 1, southeast corner Section 2: southeast corner of William A. Dick (1861–1936) 40 acre tract.
 * School No. 2, southeast corner Section 4: southeast corner of Edward Klein (1879–1903) 80 acre tract.
 * School No. 3, northwest corner Section 8: northwest corner of William Henderson Simmerman (1843–1917) 160 acre tract.
 * School No. 4, southeast corner Section 18: southeast corner of Benjamin Marion Keys (18745–1928) 80 acre tract.
 * School No. 5, southwest corner Section 15: southeast corner of Heinrich ("Henry") Reis (1844–1902) tract. "Brush College"
 * School No. 6, southwest corner Section 14: southeast corner of Bert Emerson Myers (1882–1961) 80 acre tract.
 * School No. 7, southeast corner Section 26: southeast corner of Caroline A. Browns (née Caroline Albertina Schilling; 1842–1931) 160 acre tract. Caroline Browns was the widow of Ferdinand Browns (1837–1902).
 * School No. 8, southeast corner Section 28: southeast corner of Elijah Mackaman (1831–1903) 40 acre tract.

Brush College
The Brush College schoolhouse, also called Madison Country School No. 5, is five miles north of Murray on Route 15. It had moved from Madison Township (contiguous on the north border of the Troy Township). The schoolhouse was built in 1875. It closed in 1952 but was used as a voting place until the 1990s when it reverted back to the farm family that had originally owned it.

First Schools in Clarke County
There are at this time three schools in the place, and throughout the county a general system of common schools was organized in 1856 by Prof. J. H. L. Scott (John Hillis Lettson Scott; 1822–1904), and by him are the citizens of the county indebted for his zeal and labors in educational matters, in which none could have done better.

Prof. Scott, while living in Osceola, also organized the Madison County Teachers' Institute in Winterset October 1858.

Notable people

 * Meridel Le Sueur (née Meridel Wharton) — American writer associated with the proletarian movement of the 1930s and 1940s
 * Glenn Parker — Justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court: December 5, 1955 – January 6, 1975; Chief Justice: (i) January 1, 1963 – January 2, 1967 & (ii) January 1, 1973 – January 2, 1975 He was a son of Charles Parker (1870–1943) and Mary Lavanchie Ball (1873–1958).

His paternal grandparents, Sherrow William Parker (1840–1913) and Lizette May Crew (maiden; 1844–1924) had a farm in the Madison Township: (i) in the southwest corner of Section 21 and (ii) the north half of Section 17. Sherrow had served in the 52nd Ohio Infantry Regiment of the Union Army during the Civil War. One of his paternal uncles, Albertas ("Bert") Parker (1877–1971), had a small farm is the northeast corner of Section 9 of the Madison Township.

Infamous people
In Murray, Edward ("Eddie") James Adams (1887–1921):
 * killed Charles ("Charley") William Jones (1870–1921) and
 * seriously wounded Dr. Roy Ward Fuller (1889–1950), a Murray veterinarian. When the robbers were about to leave, one of them searched Fuller’s pockets and fired another shot into him. As a result of that, the bullet lodged in his spinal column, causing him to be paralyzed from the waist down.

Adams' and his gang wounded two others in the posse:
 * Charles H. Eaton, a Murray auctioneer, had three bullet holes in his chest.
 * John Miller, a farmer near Osceola and former night watchman at Osceola, had both bones of his forearm shattered by a bullet and a bullet hole in his chest.

The robbers then jumped into Sheriff Ed West's (née Edward Jocephus West; 1877–1955) car and started up the road. As they passed Jones, one took deliberate aim at him opening fire. He was shot through the lower chest cavity, once through the back and through the shoulder. all while resting near Murray after escaping a bank robbery at Osceola, October 19, 1921.



Public policy
On January 13, 1902, Senator William Bell Tallman (1848–1946) presented a petition of 218 men and women of Troy township, Clarke county, favoring woman's suffrage. On July 2, 1919, during a Special Session of the State Legislature, Iowa Became the tenth state to ratify the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

On January 13, 1902, Iowa State Senator William Bell Tallman (1848–1946) presented a petition – signed by 218 residents of the Troy Township, Clarke County – to the state senate advocating for women's suffrage.

In 1894, the Iowa legislature granted women “partial suffrage," the right to vote on bond issues and similar matters but not where there were candidates running for office. In 1916, the state legislature submitted to Iowa voters (still all men) a constitutional amendment to remove the word “male” as a requirement to vote. Areas where pro-alcohol sentiments were strong opposed it as did liquor manufacturers. The Catholic Church, which pointed to biblical passages citing the man as head of the family, also opposed it. Counties along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers where these two groups were strong racked up huge majorities to narrowly defeat the measure.

Clarke County Reservoir Commission
Water Works Completion 1957 Edward Louis Patera, Sr. (1901–1976), and and son, Edward Louis Patera, Jr. (1927–2008), consulting engineers from Des Moines, completed a new waterworks system in Murray in 1956.

The Clarke County Reservoir Commission (CCRC) was established in March 2003 for the purpose of creating a reservoir for water supply and other purposes. On November 3, 2009, registered voters in Murray authorized a local sales and services tax for the incorporated area of the City of Murray at a rate of 1%, effective January 1, 2010. As of January 2021, David Wayne Beck (born 1954) has been project manager. Beck earned a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Wildlife Biology from Kansas State University (1976) and a Masters of Public Administration from University of South Dakota (1993). CCRC's headquarters is in Creston.

Formation of the Commission is the result of six groups filing a 28E Agreement with the Iowa Secretary of State. A Iowa §28E Agreement, as defined by Iowa Code §28E.1 (Chapter 28E: "Joint Exercise of Governmental Powers"; Subchapter 1: "Purpose") "... is to permit state and local governments in Iowa to make efficient use of their powers by enabling them to provide joint services and facilities with other agencies and to cooperate in other ways of mutual advantage."

CCRC's founding entities were: Osceola Water Works, Board of Trustees, Osceola Southern Iowa Rural Water Association (SIRWA), Creston Clarke County, Osceola City of Osceola City of Murray City of Woodburn

Newspapers
The first paper at Murray was The Record, established in 1872 by John Edward "Ed" Wick (1832–1905), and by him run for a short time.

This was succeeded by The News, the first number of which was issued about April 1, 1876, by B.L. Harding.

He was followed in a year or so, by Joshua Fisher Bishop (1831–1912), who lived at Afton and performed his editorial work at that place.

The next proprietors were the Bird Brothers, who in 1879, sold to H.D. Crawford.

He afterward received into partnership William H. Farner.

In 1881 Crawford disposed of his interest to J.D. Martindale, and Farner sold his share to Ezra Theodore Dufur (1851–1940)

The firm of Martindale & Dufur existed one year, and then Mr. Martindale became sole proprietor.

The News is politically a Republican paper. It is a seven-column folio, issued on Wednesdays, at $1.50 per year.


 * Murray Reporter (1872). John Edward "Ed" Wick (1832–1905) & T.S. Cochran, publishers

The Murray Times
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The Murray News
Beckwith & Martindale  (founders?)
 * The Murray News (1877–1899). ; ; J.E. Wick, B.L. Harding, publishers
 * (weekly; semi-weekly as of October 1880)


 * The Murray News (ceased October 27, 1933). Ralph ("Mart") Horton Martindale (1875–1960), publisher. ; Ralph Martindale was a son of Hort Martindale.
 * The Murray Tribune (1909–). Harry Tillotson, publisher
 * Murray News-Union ;.

The Murray Journal
Florentius William Ramaekers (1906–1959), publisher: <li></li> <li></li> <li> </li> O.M. Pine <li> </li> Harry Anthony McCormick, Jr. (1901–1951), editor & publisher: <li> </li> <li> </li> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> 1949–April 13, 1953: Rev. Orval Espy Richardson (1901–1973), publisher: <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li>
 * . Via Osceala Public Library. ;.

</ol></ol>


 * Clarke County Life (online)

Murray Times

 * – December x, xxxx (Vol. 1, no. 1). F.W. Ramaekers, publisher. ;.

C.T. (Toby) Chandler, editor</ol></ol>

Murray

 * Cemetery ID 2248671.
 * Murray, Iowa
 * 41.06253°N, -93.924°W
 * 41.06253°N, -93.924°W




 * Northeast corner Section 7: northeast corner of Ferdinand D. Friday (1833–1920) 240 acre tract.


 * The exact location of the Bell Family Cemetery is unknown. It was in the north-south fence row at the north-east corner of the Henry Valentine Bell (1845–1925) farm, 1/4 mile east of the farm house, near the Ward township line. The tombstone has been moved to the Murray Cemetery. Henry Bell was a son of William Bell (1821–1907) Louisa Bell (née Louisa Darnold; 1822–1900), who, in 1851, moved from Troy, Ohio, to Clarke County and settled 6 miles east of what became Murray. They were the first non-native American settlers in Clarke County.


 * Troy Township, Section 15: about 4 acres in the southwest corner of the William Harvey Dewey (1956–1946) 76 acre tract.
 * Cemetery ID 95564.
 * 135th Avenue
 * At the northwest corner of Route 34 and County Road R16
 * Murray, Iowa 50174
 * 41.0278°N, -93.9456°W


 * Cemetery ID 2132436.
 * Murray, Iowa
 * 41.1265°N, -93.9115°W
 * 41.1265°N, -93.9115°W

Historical markers

 * Ensign Peak Foundation, Murray History Center.
 * The Clarke County Freedom Rock & Honor Wall in Murray, created by renowned painter Ray “Bubba" Sorensen, Murray Cemetery off Highway 34 and County Highway R16

Books, journals, magazines, websites, papers, maps

 * 152813



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 * Retrieved May 19, 2024 – via Google Books. ..

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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024. (1937 ed.);  (1967 reprint);  (1937 ed.);  (1967 reprint).

Published by the Executive Committee: <li>James Birney Harsh (1845–1923)</li> <li>Abraham E. Keith (1832–1899)</li> <li>James Henry Patt (1840–1929)</li></ol> Creston, Iowa – Gazette Book and Job Print. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ol> <li></li> <li></li></ol></ol>

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 * Retrieved May 16, 2024 – via Internet Archive (NYPL). ;.


 * ; ISBN 978-1-5903-8197-7;.




 * Iowa State Legislature (The) website:

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 * ; ISBN 0-9161-7003-9.


 * Retrieved April 22, 2024. ; ;.

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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024. ; ;.

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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024. . ;.

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 * ; ISBN 1-5872-9531-8 (paperback);

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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024. (print);  (microfilm);.

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 * . (publication, print);  (publication, online);  (article);  (article).

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Annals of Iowa

 * Editors
 * January 1863 – October 1963: Rev. Samuel Storrs Howe (1808–1888)
 * December 1863 – December 1865: Theodore Sutton Parvin (1817–1901)
 * 1867–1869: Sanford William Huff, MD (1826–1879)
 * 1866, 1870–1874: Frederick Lloyd, MD (1826–1899)
 * 1882–1884: Rev. Samuel Storrs Howe (1808–1888)
 * 1893–1908: Charles John Aldrich (1828–1908)
 * 1909–1937: Edgar Rubey Harlan (1869–1941)
 * 1937–1939: Orie Erb Klingaman (1874–1941)
 * 1939–1947: Ora Clark Williams (1862–1955)
 * 1947–1958: Emory Hampton English (1871–1966)
 * 1958–1961: Fleming Carroll Fraker, Jr. (1925–1997)
 * 1958–1961: Fleming Carroll Fraker, Jr. (1925–1997)


 * 1961–1965: Suzanne Elisabeth Beisel (born abt. 1941; married Robert Bruce Mulder in 1964)
 * 1965–1966: Sandra Knapton (née Sandra Louise Hewitt; born 1942; married Richard William Knapton in 1964)
 * 1966: Jane Rae Risdon
 * 1967–1969: Joan Muyskens [Pursley] (1944– )
 * 1969–1971: Dorothy Carlson
 * 1971–1972: Linda K. Thomson (née Linda Marie Knight; 1948– )
 * 1972–1980: Judith Gildner (aka Judith Ann Pim; born 1943)
 * 1980–1988: Christie Lynn Dailey (1953– )
 * 1988–2020: Marvin Lavon Bergman, PhD (1953– )
 * 2020: Andrew Christen Klumpp (1987– )


 * New Series (1882), Edited by Samuel Storrs Howe
 * Third Series (1893)
 * New Series (1882), Edited by Samuel Storrs Howe
 * Third Series (1893)




 * - v. [1]-12, 1863-74; new ser., v. 1-3, 1882-84; 3d ser., v. 1- Apr. 1893-
 * - Third series, v. 13- includes "Iowa authors and their works. A contribution toward a bibliography. By Alice Marple."
 * - Editors: 1893-1908, C. Aldrich.--1909- E.R. Harlan.
 * - "Early Ia. newspapers. A contribution toward a bibliography of the newspapers established in Iowa before the Civil War, by David C. Mott": ser. 3, v. 16, pages 161-233.
 * - The first series was published in Davenport with the exception of nos. 1-4 (v.[1]) and 9-12 (v.[3]) which were published in Iowa City; the new series was published in Iowa City; the third series in Des Moines by the Historical department of Iowa.
 * - "The first series ... published by the State Historical Society of Iowa, was edited respectively by S.S. Howe, T.S. Parvin, Frederick Lloyd and S.W. Huff ... The second series ... was chiefly the work of S.S. Howe, by whom it was privately published."--Iowa journal of history and politics. v. 1, p. 83.
 * - Vols. for 1893- issued by the Historical Dept. of Iowa; <, Apr. 1924-> by the Historical, Memorial, and Art Dept. of Iowa; <, winter l977-> by the Division of Historical Museum and Archives; by: Historical Division of the Dept. of Cultural Affairs.
 * - Vols. 1-8, Apr. 1893-Jan. 1909. 1 v.; Vols. 9-16, Apr. 1909-Apr. 1929. 1 v.; Vols. 17-28, July 1929-Apr. 1947, with v. 28.

'''Edgar Rubey Harlan, ed. (1869–1941)''' <li></li> <li></li> <li></li></ol></ol></ol>
 * ; (online);  (print); .

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'''Ora Clark Williams, ed. (1862–1955)''' <li> Retrieved April 23, 2024. (article).</li> <li></li></ol></ol></ol>

'''Fleming Carroll Fraker, Jr., ed. (1925–1997)''' <li> Retrieved April 23, 2024. (article).</li> <li></li></ol></ol></ol>

News media

 * Des Moines Register (The): ;.


 * Des Moines Sunday Register (The): ;.

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 * Murray Journal (The): Retrieved May 16, 2024.  ;.

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 * Osceola Sentinel (The): ;.


 * Osceola Tribune (The): . ;.

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 * Osceola Sentinel (The): ;.

State & Federal socioeconomic data

 * 02



U.S. Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.


 * Retrieved April 22, 2024..

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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024..

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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024.


 * US Census 2020: → "Census Data".

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 * GNIS: Entry date: February 27, 2008.  Distributed January 1, 2002. Feature ID: 2395142. Retrieved June 22, 2022.

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U.S. Census Bureau glossory

 * USPS: U.S. Postal Service state abbreviation
 * GEOID: geographic identifier – fully concatenated geographic code (state FIPS & district number)
 * ANSICODE: ANSI escape code
 * LSAD: legal/statistical area descriptor
 * FUNCSTAT: functional status of entity
 * POP10: 2010 Census population count
 * HU10: 2010 Census housing unit count
 * ALAND: land area (square meters)
 * AWATER: water area (square meters)
 * ALAND_SQMI: land area (square miles)
 * AWATER_SQMI: water area (square miles)
 * INTPTLAT: latitude (decimal degrees); first character is blank or "-" denoting North or South latitude, respectively
 * INTPTLONG: longitude (decimal degrees); first character is blank or "-" denoting East or West longitude, respectively

General references

 * Iowa State University, Iowa Community Indicators Program → Useful sites for Socio-Economic Data


 * 2020 U.S. Census via → State Library of Iowa.
 * U.S. Census Bureau → "Decennial Census of Population and Housing".



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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024. Via Internet Archive (Allen County Public Library). . (Vols. 1 & 2);  (Vols. 1 & 4).

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 * Via FamilySearch. Identifer: 2420079..



Atlases
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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024 – via Internet Archive (David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, Stanford Libraries). (book).


 * . (microfilm);.

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 * Retrieved Aprild 22, 2024. ;.

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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024. . ;.

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 * Retrieved April 22, 2024 – Via Iowa Digital Libraries.

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Examination Report
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[Category:Cities in Iowa]] [Category:Cities in Clarke County, Iowa]] [Category:Populated places established in 1868]] [Category:1868 establishments in Iowa]] [Category:1880 establishments in Iowa]]