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The median household income across New York State was $75,157 in 2021, however most upstate counties fall short of the statewide average. As of January 2023, the minimum wage in New York State, excluding New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County is $14.20 per hour, with a plan to increase the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour. There are two Fortune 500 companies located in Upstate New York: Constellation Brands, in Victor, in Ontario County, and Corning Inc. Depending on the definition of Upstate, there are nine or ten foreign trade zones in Upstate New York (nine are located in counties almost always considered Upstate, and one is located in Orange County). The Upstate economy remains behind the economy of the New York Metropolitan Area, and downstate represented 88 percent of the job growth for the entire state. Between 2010 and 2018, job growth in Brooklyn alone exceeded that of Upstate New York.

Upstate New York boasts a sizeable mining sector. New York State is among the top third of states in the United States by value of minerals produced, much of which is from upstate regions. Central New York is a major salt producing area, contributing to the state's position as the third largest producer of salt in the U.S. Additionally, New York State ranks first in the production of garnet, the state gemstone, and is the only state that produces wollastonite. Mining of these two minerals within New York takes place entirely within upstate counties. Logging is also an important sector in the region. In 2019, New York State produced 124 million cubic feet of timber, 50.4% of which was sugar maple wood. Sawmills producing wood in New York are almost all within the upstate region.

Upstate New York also has a substantive outdoor recreation industry. The Adirondack Park, by far the largest in the state, is annually visited by between 7 and 12 million people, a greater number than annually visit the Grand Canyon. In 2020, over 241,000 jobs in New York State were supported by the outdoor recreation industry, and the sector plays an especially important role in rural parts of the state. New York State has the largest number of ski resorts in the United States at 52. The majority of these are located in Upstate New York, and by most definitions of the region, it contains more than ski resorts than Michigan, the state with the next highest total.

Agriculture


A number of agricultural products are grown in Upstate New York, including dairy, corn, hay, fruits, cabbage, and potatoes. The region has a significant dairy industry, and New York State is the largest producer of yogurt, cottage cheese, and sour cream and third-largest producer of dairy overall in the United States. Chobani, the largest producer of yogurt in the United States, is located in Upstate New York. The region is also a significant producer of wine. New York State produces the second most wine of any state, the majority of wine produced being from Upstate Regions (85% of which was produced in the area surrounding the Finger Lakes). New York State is also the second-largest producer of apples, snap peas, maple syrup, and cabbage in the United States, with agricultural output of these goods being highest in upstate counties.

Manufacturing


Upstate New York also has a significant manufacturing sector. A number of semiconductor manufacturers are located in the region, including the headquarters and a manufacturing facility of GlobalFoundries, the world's fourth largest semiconductor manufacturer, in Malta, in Saratoga County. Other facilities entering the region include a Micron location in Clay, in Onondaga County, and a Wolfspeed facility in Marcy, in Oneida County. In addition to semiconductor manufacturing, Upstate New York has notable glass production. Corning Inc., one of the largest glassmakers in the world and the developer of Gorilla Glass, is located in Corning, New York. In the late nineteenth century, the region was considered one of the centers of glassmaking in the country, earning Corning the name "The Crystal City". Other manufacturing includes Tesla's Gigafactory 2 in Buffalo.

Energy


Upstate New York has a significant energy sector, and the region accounts for over half of the energy production in the state. The majority of Upstate electricity produced comes from Nuclear and Renewable sources. In 2017, these sources accounted for 91% of energy produced in the Upstate region, as defined by the New York State Independent Systems Operator.

New York State as a whole is the third highest producer of hydroelectric power in the United States, the majority of which is produced in upstate regions. The third-largest conventional hydroelectric power plant in the United States, Robert Moses Niagara Hydroelectric Power Plant, is located in Niagara Falls. Upstate New York also produces all of the state's nuclear energy, and all three of New York State's Nuclear Power Plants are located in Upstate after the closure of the Indian Point Energy Center in 2021. Nuclear Power, the second largest in-state mode of electricity generation, is produced at the James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant and the Nine Mile Nuclear Power Plant, both in Scriba, and the R.E. Ginna Plant, in Onatrio, NY. Other major modes of energy production in the region include wind, and natural gas.