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= Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Iraq =

The Ministry of Defense of the the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: Wuzirun Al-Difayn Al-Jumhuriyah Al-Iraq, WAFJI) is the principle Iraqi government agency charged with the defense of Iraq, the maintainance of the Iraqi Armed Forces, the organisation of all military and armed security formations in Iraq, and the management of internal security in Iraq.

Founding and during the Hashmite Monarchy (1922-1958)
During the Hasmite rule, the Ministry of Defense was involved in a number of major situations. First, it was involved in the suppression of Assyrian rebellion and the subsequent oppression of the Assyrian Iraqi demographic. Then, in 1941, the brief takeover of the Golden Square re-directed the Ministry’s efforts to removing British occupation as well as co-opting the German-created Fliegerfüherer Irak in repelling the British, which were largely unsuccessful. After the monarchy’s re-enstatement by Britain, the ministry’s efforts returned to domestic responsibility, including the suppression of anti-monarchy elements at times.

During the tenure of Abdul Karim Qasim (1958-1963)
After the ovethrowing of the Hasnite monarchy under Abdul Karim Qasim, who himself was a military officer, the new Iraqi Armed Forces was charged with the protection of Iraq as a whole, but also partly charged with the protection of the newly-established post of President of Iraq, as well as the Prime Minister of Iraq, himself. As a result of the monarchy’s ovethrow, which strained relations with the political West, Iraq would turn to aquiring Soviet-made arms and military equipment, which were made under Qasim, who appointed himself the Minister of Defense.

During the short tenure of Hassan Al-Bakr (1963)
After Qasim was ovethrown and executed in 1963, Ahmad Hassan Al-Bakr, the new Prime Minister, appointed Salah Mahdi Ammash as Minister of Defense, and the Ministry continued it’s pro-Soviet equipment aquisition policy. Change in any policy regarding military institutions involved the participation of the Iraqi military in internal affairs,

Under the Arif brothers (1963-1973)
After Al-Bakr himself was ovethrown, a slew of Defense Minister’s followed Ammash’s appointment, but to little change in the scope of the Ministry’s roles.

Under the reign of Saddam Hussein (1973-2003)
Under Saddam Hussein, however, the Ministry took on new and more sophisticated roles, as well as being for a time the personal military arm of Saddam’s rule. Between 1968 to 1979, Saddam controlled conflicts between militia forces and the Ministry’s Armed Forces, which Saddam, however 11 years, massively enlarged. In 1979, after the de facto overthrowing of Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr, Saddam declared war on Iran, and the Ministry’s role was additionally charged with waging a successful war against Iran.

During Adnan Khairallah’s 12-year tenure, he unsuccessfully attempted to implement battle plans and facilitated the importing of arms and military equipment from numerous nations, including France, the Soviet Union, and numerous other nations. The Ministry, although charged with internal protection as well as foreign defense, however, was not the primary internal secruity organisation under Saddam’s de jure rule, and the Ministry had far less complicit involving with carrying operations and campaigns such as Al-Anfal genocide and the 1991 uprising suppressions; instead, Saddam’s personal militia as well as numerous intelligence agencies and party security organisations carried out the attacks, sidling the Ministry’s complicity and instead more personally involving Saddam and the Ba’ath Party’s official in carrying out domestic oppression.

During the opening weeks of the 2003 invasion, the Ministry of Defense, now under Sultan Hasim al-Tai, made public broadcasts and statements on American troop movements, and to many Iraqis’ surprise, al-Tai commented accurately on the situation and with bravery; during the “Shock and Awe” bombardments, he appeared on television, informing Iraqis of the Armed Forces’ engagement with the invading Coalition troops, and in another instance, he commented that American forces would arrive in Baghdad in a matter of days.

Under Saddam, the Ministry was primarily dominated by Sunni Muslim Arab authorities from Saddam’s tribe, the Al-Tikriti, who were placed in their positions as a result of Saddam’s distrust of other Muslim sects as well as ethnicities.

Post-Ba’athist era (2003-2020)
After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the new Ministry of Defense was founded on March 21st, 2004, under the American-appointed Coalition Provisional Authority. During the Ministry’s history under Saddam, the insititution was a Sunni Muslim one; under the post-Ba’athist authority, it became a Shi’ite institution, primarily as a result of Nouri al-Maliki, then Iraqi Prime Minister, and his personal involvement in sectarianism. The Ministry was also far less effective and far more corrupt than it was under Saddam’s tenure, and much of the Ministry’s faults, despite it’s reputation as a reliable institution, was the result of the larger Muhashasa system, which was sectarian and non-meritorious system of entirely.

Brief organisation after the Revolution of Return (2020-2021) (non-historical)
After the Revolution of Return in October of 2020, primarily organised by a combination of Mustafa al-Kadhimi, Ali Allawi, Juma Inad, Nura Noelle Holiday al-Halima, and numerous Iraqi protest leader’s efforts, Nura was made the de facto Minister of Defense, and Nura was primarily involved in the suppression and re-routing of remaining Iraqi militias, preventing them from intimidating Iraqis and the newly-reformed Iraqi government by way of intimidation by way of the Iraqi Army. Under Inad, who would become a protégé under Nura from October, he made several reforms which attempted to eliminate sectarianism and corruption in the Iraqi Armed Forces, but to little avail as a result of his approach.

Under Nura al-Halima (2021-) (non-historical)
Under Nura al-Halima, the Ministry’s reputation, popularity, and controversy in the post-Ba’athist era would soar. Nura was primarily responsible for eliminating the presence of miltiias, removing sectarianism, and reforming and enlarging the Iraqi Armed Forces to beyond it’s Ba’athist-era strength. Under her, Mustafa al-Kadhimi gave the Ministry autonomy, which allowed Nura to embark on numerous major efforts to better both the Ministry and the Iraqi military. Much of Nura’s reforms and initiatives came by way of brute intimidation, in which Nura and her personal militia feigned acts of oppression and intimidation, eventually scaring away and rooting out corrupt officials in the Ministry. By 2022, however, much of these actions were no longer in practice as a result of Nura’s confidence.