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Sverige: Under Legislation

Paris agreement
The Paris agreement is a legally international agreement adopted at the COP 21, it's main goal is to limit global warming to below 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC’s) are the plans to fight climate change adapted for each country. Every party in the agreement has different goals based on its own historical climate records and countrys circumstances. All the goal for each country are stated in their NDC wich are based on the points below.


 * Climate neutral to 2050
 * Limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C
 * Reduction in emissions and of Greenhouse gases (GHG).
 * Increase the adaptability to the harmful effects of climate change.
 * Adjust the financial flows so they can be combined with reduce GHG emissions

In the case for member countries of the European Union the goals are very similar and the European Union work with a common strategy within the paris agreement. The NDC target regarding Swedens actions against climate change and greenhouse gas emissions under the paris agreement are the following :


 * 40% reduction in Greenhouse gas emissions until 2030, compared to 1990. This reduction are covered in these four sections;
 * 1) European Union Emission Trading System
 * 2) Outside the EU emissions trading system
 * 3) Land use, land-use change, and forestry, (LULUCF)
 * 4) Domestic institutional legislation and mitigation measure


 * 55% reduction of Greenhouse gases by domestic binding target, until 2030 compared to 1990.
 * Gases covered in reduction: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), Perfluorinated compound (PFCs), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).<ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.
 * 40% reduction of emissions from outside the the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) until 2030, compared to 2005.<ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.

Strategy to achieve NDC's
Country has different ways to achieve the established goals depending on resources. In the case of Sweden and the European union the following approach is established to support the NDC’s climate change plan.<ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.


 * A regulation has been adopted to counteract greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere through LULUCF. With this methodology, each Member State must report land use and subsequently report compensatory measures for the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.


 * Targets for improved energy efficiency and an increased amount of renewable energy have been established. Until the year 2030, energy consumption will be improved by 32.5%. The amount of renewable energy within the final energy consumption will increase at least by 32%.


 * New targets will reduce emissions in road transport. The CO2 emission per km must be reduced by 30-37.5% depending on vehicles by 2030.


 * Stricter targets have been established for landfilling and recycling, which results in reduced greenhouse gas emissions in addition to CO2.


 * Limit sales of F-gas, prohibited products and prevent emissions in existing products with F-gases. This is expected to reduce emissions of F-gases by 66% by 2030 compared to 2014.


 * Multiannual Financial Framework,(MFF), for 2021-2027. MFF will finance climate action, such as policies and programmes. MFF shall contribute to climate neutrality by 2050 and to achieving the 2030 climate targets.


 * Within the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) a cap on the maximum allowable amount of emissions i established. From year 2021 this will also be applied in aviation. The EU ETS is a important tool in EU policy to reduce Greenhouse gas emission in a cost effective way. Under the 'cap and trade' principle, a maximum (cap) is set on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations.

In 2017, Sweden adopted a policy framework to reach the goals within the Paris Agreement and not exceed an average temperature increase of a maximum of 2 degrees Celsius. The framework objective is that Sweden should have achived zero net emissions by 2045. This means that emission levels are estimated to be 85% below 1990 levels. With these measures the Sweden will fight the potential climate change hoping that the figures stay inside of the expected parameters for 2050.

Cypern

Paris agreement
The Paris agreement is a legally international agreement adopted at the COP 21, it's main goal is to limit global warming to below 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC’s) are the plans to fight climate change adapted for each country. Every party in the agreement has different goals based on its own historical climate records and countrys circumstances. All the goal for each country are stated in their NDC wich are based on the points below.


 * Climate neutral to 2050
 * Limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C
 * Reduction in emissions and of Greenhouse gases (GHG).
 * Increase the adaptability to the harmful effects of climate change.
 * Adjust the financial flows so they can be combined with reduce GHG emissions

In the case for member countries of the European Union the goals are very similar and the European Union work with a common strategy within the paris agreement. The NDC target regarding Cyprus actions against climate change and greenhouse gas emissions under the paris agreement are the following <ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands. :


 * 40% reduction in Greenhouse gas emissions until 2030, compared to 1990. This reduction are covered in these four sections;
 * 1) European Union Emission Trading System
 * 2) Outside the EU emissions trading system
 * 3) Land use, land-use change, and forestry, (LULUCF)
 * 4) Domestic institutional legislation and mitigation measure


 * 55% reduction of Greenhouse gases by domestic binding target, until 2030 compared to 1990.
 * Gases covered in reduction: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), Perfluorinated compound (PFCs), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).<ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.
 * 24% reduction of emissions from outside the the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) until 2030, compared to 2005.<ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.

Strategy to achieve NDC's
Country has different ways to achieve the established goals depending on resources. In the case of Cyprus and the European union the following approach is established to support the NDC’s climate change plan.<ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.


 * A regulation has been adopted to counteract greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere through LULUCF. With this methodology, each Member State must report land use and subsequently report compensatory measures for the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.


 * Targets for improved energy efficiency and an increased amount of renewable energy have been established. Until the year 2030, energy consumption will be improved by 32.5%. The amount of renewable energy within the final energy consumption will increase at least by 32%.


 * New targets will reduce emissions in road transport. The CO2 emission per km must be reduced by 30-37.5% depending on vehicles by 2030.


 * Stricter targets have been established for landfilling and recycling, which results in reduced greenhouse gas emissions in addition to CO2.


 * Limit sales of F-gas, prohibited products and prevent emissions in existing products with F-gases. This is expected to reduce emissions of F-gases by 66% by 2030 compared to 2014.


 * Multiannual Financial Framework,(MFF), for 2021-2027. MFF will finance climate action, such as policies and programmes. MFF shall contribute to climate neutrality by 2050 and to achieving the 2030 climate targets.

With these measures Cyprus will contribute to the fight against climate change and hopfully will the figures stay inside the expected parameters for 2050.
 * Within the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) a cap on the maximum allowable amount of emissions i established. From year 2021 this will also be applied in aviation. The EU ETS is a important tool in EU policy to reduce Greenhouse gas emission in a cost effective way. Under the 'cap and trade' principle, a maximum (cap) is set on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations.

Australien (Lägg in under Mitigation - Policies and Legislations efter korta stycket om parisavtalet?!)

Paris agreement
The Paris agreement is a legally international agreement adopted at the COP 21, it's main goal is to limit global warming to below 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC’s) are the plans to fight climate change adapted for each country. Every party in the agreement has different goals based on its own historical climate records and countrys circumstances. All the goal for each country are stated in their NDC wich are based on the points below.


 * Climate neutral to 2050
 * Limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C
 * Reduction in emissions and of Greenhouse gases (GHG).
 * Increase the adaptability to the harmful effects of climate change.
 * Adjust the financial flows so they can be combined with reduce GHG emission

Australias target regarding reductions from 2005 year levels:


 * 26-28% reduction of greenhos gases (GHG) until 2030 from 2005 levels.
 * Gases covered in reductions: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), Perfluorinated compound (PFCs), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).

Strategy to achieve NDC's
Country has different ways to achieve the established goals depending on resources. Australias developed approach that is etstabished to support the NDC climate change plan. Australia have through funds such as Australia emission reduction fund contributed with 60 million tonnes reduction of greenhouse gases. The fund anable bussineses to earn carbon credits. This is done by storing or preventing emissions trough new sustaineble techniqes.
 * Enabling new technologies with low emissions and promoting economic growth.
 * Establish regional hydrogen exports to strengthen the country's industry and fund research in the field and enable distribution.
 * Improve charging and refueling infrastructure to enable companies and fleets to integrate new more sustainable vehicle technology.
 * The country has created a development fund whose purpose is for projects concerning carbon dioxide capture. The fund is for storage, use and carbon capture.
 * Investments In technological development that reduces emissions in the sectors of agriculture, industry, transport and manufacturing.
 * Climate solution package to increase investment in projects to generate clean energy. The package also includes extra funds to support development in the hard-to-reach sectors.
 * Australia has a legalised obligation for the major emittion sectors in the country where the emissions are to be kept below their baseline.
 * Australia has a legalised obligation for the major emittion sectors in the country where the emissions are to be kept below their baseline.

FINLAND

Paris agreement
The Paris agreement is a legally international agreement adopted at the COP 21, it's main goal is to limit global warming to below 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC’s) are the plans to fight climate change adapted for each country. Every party in the agreement has different goals based on its own historical climate records and countrys circumstances. All the goal for each country are stated in their NDC wich are based on the points below.


 * Climate neutral to 2050
 * Limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C
 * Reduction in emissions and of Greenhouse gases (GHG).
 * Increase the adaptability to the harmful effects of climate change.
 * Adjust the financial flows so they can be combined with reduce GHG emissions

In the case for member countries of the European Union the goals are very similar and the European Union work with a common strategy within the paris agreement. The NDC target regarding Finlands actions against climate change and greenhouse gas emissions under the paris agreement are the following <ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands. :


 * 40% reduction in Greenhouse gas emissions until 2030, compared to 1990. This reduction are covered in these four sections;
 * 1) European Union Emission Trading System
 * 2) Outside the EU emissions trading system
 * 3) Land use, land-use change, and forestry, (LULUCF)
 * 4) Domestic institutional legislation and mitigation measure


 * 55% reduction of Greenhouse gases by domestic binding target, until 2030 compared to 1990.
 * Gases covered in reduction: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), Perfluorinated compound (PFCs), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).<ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.
 * 39% reduction of emissions from outside the the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) until 2030, compared to 2005. <ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.

Strategy to achieve NDC's
Country has different ways to achieve the established goals depending on resources. In the case of Finland and the European union the following approach is established to support the NDC’s climate change plan.<ref name="The update of the nationally determined contribution of the Netherlands.


 * A regulation has been adopted to counteract greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere through LULUCF. With this methodology, each Member State must report land use and subsequently report compensatory measures for the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.


 * Targets for improved energy efficiency and an increased amount of renewable energy have been established. Until the year 2030, energy consumption will be improved by 32.5%. The amount of renewable energy within the final energy consumption will increase at least by 32%.


 * New targets will reduce emissions in road transport. The CO2 emission per km must be reduced by 30-37.5% depending on vehicles by 2030.


 * Stricter targets have been established for landfilling and recycling, which results in reduced greenhouse gas emissions in addition to CO2.


 * Limit sales of F-gas, prohibited products and prevent emissions in existing products with F-gases. This is expected to reduce emissions of F-gases by 66% by 2030 compared to 2014.


 * Multiannual Financial Framework,(MFF), for 2021-2027. MFF will finance climate action, such as policies and programmes. MFF shall contribute to climate neutrality by 2050 and to achieving the 2030 climate targets.


 * Within the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) a cap on the maximum allowable amount of emissions i established. From year 2021 this will also be applied in aviation. The EU ETS is a important tool in EU policy to reduce Greenhouse gas emission in a cost effective way. Under the 'cap and trade' principle, a maximum (cap) is set on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations.