User:Family silicon-ahmed

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, less reactive than its chemical analog carbon, the nonmetal directly above it in the periodic table, but more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery; it was first prepared and characterized in pure form in 1823. In 1808, it was given the name silicium (from Latin: silex, hard stone or flint), with an -ium word-ending to suggest a metal, a name which the element retains in several non-English languages. However, its final English name, first suggested in 1817, reflects the more physically similar elements carbon and boron.

Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure free element in nature. It is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. Over 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen. Silicon family what is it??????????

According to the author that silicon can react with hydrogen by giving four electrons to the hydrogen atom or taking four electrons from hydrogen atom by forming an ionic bond it also has a large family like carbon and its`s compounds it can also form Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne group as we call them in carbon family it can also be classified as saturated and unsaturated hydro silican (bond of silica and hydrogen) The general formula for the alkanes are CnH2n+2 "                         "alkenes are CnH2n "                         "alkynes are CnH2n-2 silica is found in soil in the form of oxides which plant uses silica in the form of mineral so according to me the name for these compounds are "Silican Compounds" the alkanes in the silican compounds are SiH4 Si2H6 Si3H8 Si4H10 Si5H12 Si6H14 Si7H16 Si8H18 Si9H20 Si10H22 etc the same goes for alkene only the parent -ane will change to -ene and alkyne will change to -yne

general knowledge and idea on silicon
Two allotropes of silicon exist at room temperature: amorphous and crystalline. Amorphous appears as a brown powder while crystalline silicon has a metallic luster and a grayish color. Single crystals of crystalline silicon can be grown with a process known as the Czochralski process. These crystals, when doped with elements such as boron, gallium, germanium, phosphorus or arsenic, are used in the manufacture of solid-state electronic devices, such as transistors, solar cells, rectifiers and microchips.

Silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon's most common compound, is the most abundant compound in the earth's crust. It commonly takes the form of ordinary sand, but also exists as quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper and opal. Silicon dioxide is extensively used in the manufacture of glass and bricks. Silica gel, a colloidal form of silicon dioxide, easily absorbs moisture and is used as a desiccant.

Silicon forms other useful compounds. Silicon carbide (SiC) is nearly as hard as diamond and is used as an abrasive. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), also known as water glass, is used in the production of soaps, adhesives and as an egg preservative. Silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) is used to create smoke screens. Silicon is also an important ingredient in silicone, a class of material that is used for such things as lubricants, polishing agents, electrical insulators and medical implants.

Estimated Crustal Abundance: 2.82×105 milligrams per kilogram

Estimated Oceanic Abundance: 2.2 milligrams per liter

Number of Stable Isotopes: 3

Ionization Energy: 8.152 eV

Oxidation States: +4, +2, -4

Electron Shell Configuration:

1s2 2s2  2p6 3s2  3p2 hydrogen and silicon both exsist in the form of an enthalpy state for silicon the Enthalpy of fusion: 50.2 kJ mol-1 Enthalpy of vaporisation: 359 kJ mol-1 Enthalpy of atomisation: 456 kJ mol-1 Thermodynamic data and for hydrogen is Enthalpy of fusion: 0.558 (per mol H atoms) kJ mol-1 Enthalpy of vaporisation: 0.452 (per mole H atoms) kJ mol-1 Enthalpy of atomisation: 218 kJ mol-1