User:Faroule15/Psychology

Psychology has a wide range of definitions which all are aimed at describing what it actually means. The different version of psychology definition come from different authors. Some of them describe psychology as a discipline that engages the mind and behavior of an individual. Further explanations define psychology as mental traits of an individual or a group. Examining human behavior and mind with respect to the conditions of the environment or the activity describes psychology. In broader perspective, psychology typically means the study of human mind and how it affects the conducts of the individual or the kind of behavior shown by people. In this study, we are going to discuss depression, attitudes and what caffeine does to an individuals’ brain as examples of articles under psychology.

Depression can be defined as a feeling or an emotional behavior that insinuates low levels of self-esteem to an individual denying the person the ability to make life enjoyable. Depressed individuals undergo several experiences such as sadness, hopelessness, low self-esteem and confusion, lack of morale in participating in ordinary events, little or no energy and vitality, lack of appetite and slowness in thinking(www.britannica.com). In addition, the affected individual may experience little or no sleep commonly known as insomnia. The cause of the expected symptoms differs from one individual to another. Unpleasant life events such as death of a close friend or relative triggers depression. Negative thinking of oneself also stirs up depression in a person. Some people encounter severe whereas others face chronic depression. Failure to treat depression may last up to four months or more depending on the degree of its occupation in the body. Surprisingly, women are more susceptible to depression than men and it occurs at any age. Bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder are the most common types of depression. However, depression can be treated under two main techniques, through psychotherapy which interferes with the patients’ cognitive and behavioral comments on stressful life and events. Psychotropic medication issues antidepressant medications which directly alters the chemistry of the brain and rectifies the chemical dysregulation that may have caused the depression.

In psychology, an attitude can be defined as an individual’s perception towards a particular item, person, thing or event, it also comprises a set of behaviors, beliefs and emotions that drive the individual into making the perception. People reactions on certain items or events in life are associated with the way the individual sees or handles the situation (McLeod S. 2018). Any reaction to the situation is assumed to be an effect of the attitude towards it. There are two common types of attitudes, Affective component which involves an individual’s feelings concerning the attitude object. Another type of attitude is behavioral or conative component of attitude which describes human behavior and actions are as a result of the attitudes we have. However, it is easy to change an attitude towards something or an event or a group of people.

Most people believe after taking coffee, they are likely to be more alert and active than before. However, it is seemingly true that the effects of taking are associated with stimulation of the central nervous system and instills energy to the body (Hartney E.,2019). Coffee contains a chemical substance called caffeine which works by hindering the neurotransmitter adenosine’s receptors hence generating excitability in the brain. Caffeine is termed as the only legal drug that is most widely used in the world, it is classified as a stimulant as it triggers the central nervous system to make an individual more alert, however there are several side effects that arise from using caffeine, such as insomnia, irritability, anxiety, rapid heart rate and addiction. Individual s addicted to using coffee may experience headache when they fail to utilize it during their normal consumption time.