User:Farzaneh.hamidi144

Since the invention of the first computers, efforts have been made to incorporate computer technology in language education. CALL (computer-assisted language learning), the term used in reference to technology-based language learning, is defined by Chapelle & Jamieson (2008) as “the area of applied linguistics concerned with the use of computers for teaching and learning a second language” (p. 1). In these times of multiple technologies, however, there has been some discussion of the suitability of the term (Kern, 2006), and TELL (technology-enhanced language learning) has come to be seen by some as more fitting (Garrett, 2009). Indeed, the literature reveals that technology use in language education is quite diverse, ranging from well-established, computer-based programs, to relatively new tools, some of which are still in the early stages of development; the literature also reports varied results in terms of their effectiveness (Golonka, Bowles, Frank, Richardson, & Freynik, 2014). This chapter aims to provide some background regarding the development of CALL over the years and to highlight various opportunities and challenges related to the use of technology in language education. 