User:Fassil Tassew/Editnotice

Happy New Leap Year of 2007 in the Tropics I wish all of the world people to have happy new leap year of 2007. Happy new leap year has special meaning. It is the year of the day Pagume 6 or the 3rd category year because of the fact the number of days is 366. Hamuselt 1 Meskeram, 2007 is the beginning of new leap year. It is the year of Pagume 6, because year 2007 ends when Pagume 6 ends. The leap year day Pagume 6 is recorded both by clock and calendar in 2007. This is because the sum of 6 hours of year 2004 in category one and 12 hours of years 2005 and 2006 in category two and 6 hours of 2007 in category three is equal 24 hours on the 1461st day (365.25*4 or 365*3+366). The day Pagume 6 is recorded by two solar technologies: clock and calendar in the Tropics, when September is 11 in the Temperates. Thus the cycle of the day Pagume 6 is once in every four year is the truth of our solar system. Thus, alternatively, one is able to express his wishes by saying that “Happy new 502nd leap year”. Because, (502-0.25) is divided by 0.25 is equal to year 2007. This shows that since the birth of Christ, year 2007 is the 502nd leap year. To celebrate the precision, we can construct and use the linear equation of leap year. Suppose the number of cycle of leap year is dependent variable(Y) and the number of leap year is independent variable (X), the linear equation of leap year or category three can be written as follows. Y=0.25X+0.25-(1.4) Linear equation of leap year is also used to confirm us that 2007 is the 502nd leap year. This means that if you substitute number 2007 in place of X, the value of Y is 502. Y=0.25(2007) +0.25-(1.4.2) Y=501.75 +0.25---(1.4.3) Y=502(1.4.4) Thus equation 1.4 is used to forecast any leap year.

Dear Difabachew I must thank you for your participation and contribution to know about the link between discovery of Pagume and explanations of them by Scholars from Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Had they, Scholars from Ethiopian Orthodox Church believed that one day is one rotations of earth, they could have known that Pagume is 5 or 6 faster rotations of  the tropics there by three categories of years in a cycle of every four years. Nevertheless, Pagume is discovered based on the comparative analysis of Ethiopian and Gregorian months via the variations of day and night throughout the year. Ethiopian months reveal small variation of day and night in the tropics, where as the Gregorian months reveal high variations of day and night in the temperates. For example, on June 21 is the longest day hours at London is about 16 hours. Whereas at that day the longest day hours at Addis Ababa is about 12 hours and 29 minuet and this day is called Sene 14. These natural differences do not allow us to use June in the tropics. Therefore optimum days of the year in the tropics are called end of Sene 14, Meskaram 13, Tahisas 12, Megabit 12 and Sene 14, where as the corresponding optimum days of the year in the temperates are end of June 21, September 23, December 21, March 21 and June21. Therefore Pagume 1-5/6 corresponds to September 6-10/11, and it reveals five or six rotations of earth in the tropics ,where as the latter reveals five or six rotations of earth in the temperates.

Therefore,although we are living in a digital age, about 26.11% of our land is called the tropics remain undiscovered. The tropics covers part of earth found between tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn. It remains undiscovered because both use of Ethiopian calendar only in the current Ethiopia and Gregorian calendar in the tropics are unrealistic. Therefore, in a digital age, use of Ethiopian calendar in the tropics and Gregorian calendar in the temperates are natural and scientific to discover the tropics and rediscover the temperates.

To come up with this new world discovery and rediscovery, I used 1) 68 years data of Ethiopian calendar and Gregorian calendar; 2) one year period from end of June 21 to June 21 for the temperates, and from end of Sene 14 to Sene 14 for the tropics. Thus relative and comparative analyses of them were made. Use of information technology in my discovery is great. So I inquire all members of my circles to participate actively to the realization of my discovery and rediscovery.

Further discussion made with another expert about "Ethiopian calendar months are neither ancient nor new" July 29, 2012

Fassil Tassew:- Ethiopian calendar are neither ancient nor new. Thus, these who are not using the Ethiopian calendar months in the tropics are not only against themselves but also the tropics of the universe. Therefore, acting as leaders of the world without discovering the tropics and rediscovering the temperates is neither civilized nor scientific.

Henok Leul:- Brother have you ever read ancient books about Ethiopian calendar please try ”Abushaher”

Fassil Tassew:- Yes I have read it critically. Henok, what is wrong with new discovery that Ethiopian calendar is an eternal calendar of the tropics. Besides, don’t you know one day is one rotation of earth? Thus Pagume is 5 or 6 faster rotations of the tropics, when 6 to 10 or 11 of September is slower rotations of the temperates.

Fassil Tassew:-Henok, your participation is highly appreciated. But do you know that there is neither factor income nor income tax revenue during Pagume in Ethiopia. Did the ancient calendar have series of 5 or 6 days of Pagume?

Henok Leul:- Please continue your brilliant discussion ideas, I think you have a broader view than me so let’s continue our discussion about Ethiopian calendar by asking our selves about the early calendar. Do you think at the early seasons the calendar have different number of days arrangement as it is now about pagume of course I will share your idea but I think it is the better one to separate it b/c it makes us different at last please.

Fassil Tassew:- Henok Leul, I don’t know why most people do agree that Ethiopian Calendar is ancient. Besides they agreed that it were the same as Julian calendar until 1582 G.C. But I do disagree with their mistaken ideas because of the following three reasons.

First, Professor Ephraim Isaac asserted that Ethiopian calendar is neither Julian nor Gregorian. His contribution is great. Second, from the solar calendar point of view Julian can be considered as ancient and that of Gregorian calendar has been considered as new since 1582. Third; therefore, Ethiopian calendar is neither ancient nor new. Since, it is an eternal calendar of the tropics. Share this:

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kotev1000  Speed of earth varies at different degree of latitudes from Fassil Tassew Tadesse -                          Today is 19 Meskeram 2005 of the tropics, when 29 September 2012 recurs in the temperates. What do we mean by the fact that English is not time?

As member of modern world country, the Federal Democratic Republic Government of Ethiopia, it is the constitutional duty of Executive branch of the government to set the calendar year and budget year. Accordingly first, the Ethiopian calendar year is from 1 Meskeram to 5 or 6 Pagume, when 12 or 11 September to 11 or 10 September recurs in the temperates. Second, the Ethiopia’s budget year is set from 1 Hamle to 30 Sene, when 7 July to 6 July recurs in the temperates. Third, it is based on the above budget year; Ethiopia’s income tax schedules are made. Thus, in accordance with Employment income tax schedule of Ethiopia, there are 12 accounting months of Ethiopia: 11 of 30 days (Meskeram to Hamle) and one special accounting month of 35 or 36 days (Nehase and Pagume).

Statements of the problem Neither English-English Dictionary nor encyclopedias of Britannica nor American know the Ethiopian calendar months. Besides, all the bilingual English Amharic Dictionaries unscientifically define Ethiopian calendar months by an alphabetical arrangement of Gregorian calendar months. This means that April is Miyazia, August is Nehase … and September is Meskeram. Thus, these definitions seem to consider Gregorian calendar months and Ethiopian calendar months are identical and the same. However, when we mathematically analysis these definitions, we found that 12 months of 30 days of Ethiopian calendar months (360 days) is less than 12 Gregorian calendar months (365 or 366 days in common and leap year respectively):- 7 months of 31, 4 months of 30 and one month of 28 or 29 days. Accordingly, Ethiopian calendar months are less than Gregorian calendar months by 5 and 6 days. But in reality, in accordance with current Ethiopian calendar, these 5 and 6 days are denoted by the word Pagume. Thus, 1 to 5 or 6 of Pagume recurs in the tropics, when 6 to 10 or 11 of September recur in the temperates. Moreover, the negative consequences of unscientific definition of Ethiopian months by the Gregorian reveal that there are several problems in our world. First, although we are living in a digital age, the tropics that cover about 26.11% of our planet earth remain undiscovered. The tropics is undiscovered, because both use of Ethiopian calendar months only in the current Ethiopia and Gregorian calendar months in the tropics are unrealistic. Use of Ethiopian calendar only in the current Ethiopia is unrealistic, because the circumference of current Ethiopia cannot cover 24 hours (half part of Ethiopia is day and other its half part is night). Use of the Gregorian calendar months in the tropics is unrealistic, because longer variations of day and night and extreme seasons of the temperates which are revealed by the Gregorian calendar months cannot recur in the tropics. Second, although Pagume is 5 or 6 faster rotations of the tropics, when 6 to 10 or 11 of September are slower rotations of the temperates; there is neither factors income nor income tax revenue in Ethiopia. Thus, fairly speaking the economic model of Ethiopia is only a model of 360 days. This means that the economics of Pagume is undiscovered. Third, if there is salary income during Pagume, there are no complementary income tax schedules that use to plan, legislate, implement and monitor special month budget of 35 or 36 days (Nehase and Pagume). Against the principles of Ethiopia’s or the tropics’ accounting months, most public enterprises such as Telecommunication, Ethiopian Airlines Corporation, Ethiopian electric Corporation and Universities are operating their activities using Gregorian accounting months. Besides all international nongovernmental organizations, corporations of private sector are not governed by the accounting months of Ethiopia. Last but not least, it is not only all other countries which are found in the tropics but international institutes such as world Bank, Organization of African Union, Economic Commission for Africa, United Nation development Program; etc, that are located in Addis Abeba also unrealistically use the accounting months of Gregorian.

Ethiopia cannot have its own calendar.

The tropics that cover about 26.11% of our planet earth remain undiscovered. The tropics is undiscovered, because both use of Ethiopian calendar months only in the current Ethiopia and Gregorian calendar months in the tropics are unrealistic. Use of Ethiopian calendar only in the current Ethiopia is unrealistic, because the circumference of current Ethiopia cannot cover 24 hours (half part of Ethiopia is day and other half part is night). Use of the Gregorian calendar months in the tropics is unrealistic, because longer variations of day and night and extreme seasons of the temperates which are revealed by the Gregorian calendar months were/are/will not recur in the tropics.

Ethiopian calendar of the tropics are different from Gregorian calendar of the temperates.

30 days of Meskeram is different from 30 days of September, 30 days of Tikimt is different from 31 days of October, 30 days of Hidar is different from 30 days of November, 30 days of Tahisas is different from 31 days of December, 30 days of Tir is different from 31 days of January, 30 days of Yekatit is different from 28 or 29 days of February, 30 days of Megabit is different from 31 days of March, 30 days of Miyazia is different from 30 days of April, 30 days of Ginbot is different from 30 days of May, 30 days of Sene is different from 30 days of June, 30 days of Hamle is different from 31 days of July, 30 days of Nehase is different from 31 days of August, 5 or 6 days of Pagume is different from 6 to 10 or 11 of September.