User:Fatimaamjid/sandbox

=  Glitch Studies (My contribution A: 500 Words)  = Glitch studies in certain ways can be viewed as an expression through technological error or a regain of dominance over human-made technologies. This is the artistic custom that uses both deliberate and accidental technical error as a process of art expression.

Overview
A glitch is an unexpected failure of technology or systems that occurs unexpectedly and momentarily. However, the study is based upon the artistic representation of an imaginative mind whose development is suitable for its audience. Glitch art uses digital strategies to transform temporary pixilation, disruptions, as well as glitches into captivating pieces, challenging the forms and practices of art. The most common cause of a glitch is indeed a misinterpretation in the transfer of data.

History
Glitch studies has started to have been viewed rather seriously as a phenomenon which has such a unique and powerful capacity for timely cultural critique, instead of an aesthetic that has just been adopted by different artists, since we are becoming more and more engrossed in technological innovations.

Glitch Methods
Visual glitches, whether in a still or moving picture, are commonly referred to as glitch art. It's created by either photographing a glitch while it occurs at random, or even by artists manipulating certain online files, programs, or hardware to create such errors. There are a number of methods for generating these errors on command, varying between physical alterations to the hardware to specific adjustments to the digital files within. There are a variety of technological methods which can be associated with digital file modifications which include:

Distortion:
Distortion was among the first forms of glitch art to have been made, and it was achieved by putting powerful magnets near to the television screen, which culminated in various patterns.

Misalignment:
Launching a computer file of one kind with a system built for a specific type of file, like accessing a video file as both a sound file or decompressing a file with incorrect codec, causes misalignment glitches. Audacity as well as WordPad are two popular tools for creating glitches of this sort.

Failure of Hardware:
Failure of hardware occurs when the system's electrical wiring or even other internal connections including a short-circuit, are altered in a procedure known as "circuit bending," which leads the system to generate glitches which develop different sounds as well as visuals. These types of glitches are generally just a temporary inconvenience. These can be caused by a number of reasons, but the most common ones are errors throughout the programming system software glitches, and issues caused by computer errors and viruses.

Data Bending:
Data bending causes glitches by altering the details contained within the digital file. Editing and modifying any data within a file is known as data bending.

=  Algorithmic Brand Culture (My contribution B: 500 Words)  = Algorithmic branding has become much more popular mostly as innovative source of knowledge and information, this will become more important as organisations' digitalisation continues to accelerate.

Overview
The accumulation of data through sensors as well as smart devices and even some new insight from social networking sites and other outlets, has convinced most businesses that now might be the best period to invest in a more robust algorithm approach. Many businesses have trouble controlling their current networking traffic and their data streams, or even just dealing with additional sources of data. Algorithms are essential for making the existing data valuable and also for implementing intelligent, effective judgements based upon it.

Social Media Algorithm
The algorithm, in which provides content to consumers across each social media platform is made up of a specific compilation of technical aspects, complex reasoning, and usage insights. These algorithms help brands to be able to reach their targeted audience. Almost any brand in the world knows the significance of implementing algorithms to assist them in running their businesses.

 Instagram: 

Instagram's algorithm determines the sequence in which consumers see content as they navigate along their feed. It recognises the appropriate posts according to specific signals which brands can use this to their advantage and use the platform to attract many customers, as Instagram moves the most important posts to the top of people's feeds,  providing them with the a lot of exposure, whereas other posts are pushed down.

 Facebook: 

Facebook maintains a database of your experiences with posts from friends as well as brands, and thus the Facebook algorithm determines what you'd like to based upon previous communication with family and friends but also brands. Then it continues to bring similar content in which you like and may be interested in.

 Twitter: 

Many people only spend a couple of minutes per day on Twitter, sharing most of their Tweets at once while only interacting through the first few tweets they notice on their timeline. It's vital for brands to be involved on Twitter during the day so that their viewers will have the greatest chance to see their tweets. Identifying how well the algorithm performs as a brand will give you a better understanding on your marketing strategy and can also help explain and recognise why the engagement on your tweets are performing well or poorly.

Criticism
Brands can use algorithms to be able to purposefully magnify possible biases so that they can be detected and discussed. Brands discover through their past decision- making, what causes biases, as well as what diverts attention from valuable knowledge as algorithms uncover biases. Either during or after a brand launch, algorithms can “discover” negative behaviours through training data or even from users which can lead to a derogatory experience for the brand.

=  Response to my peers' contribution A: (250 Words)  =

Glitch Studies:
Over time, technology has had a significant impact on art. It has never been this easy to make, recreate, and distribute art with thousands of people around the world. The term 'glitch' comes from the German word ‘glitschen’, which means 'to slip.' Which is indeed what glitch art captures and delivers: a small, usually nanosecond lapse from some kind of stable, regulated picture, resulting in a visual disruption that surprises the viewer for a split second. Although chaos is a key element of glitch art, the most appealing creations are produced with a sense of power as well as a vision for the end result. The glitch's unpredictable and unstable essence lends itself very well for creative experimentation which artists like Rosa Menkman do.

Glitch aesthetics seems to be a form of managing perception which highlights the artificiality of expression through visualising or producing clear errors. The glitch aesthetic brings out both the software's functionality as well as it's dysfunctionality. It disrupts the process and deviates from the standard. Glitch art, as stated by the artist Menkman, demonstrates how failure can lead to the development of something new. Glitch art is more than just intentional errors created by artists; it also is a mode of representation that relies on several actors leading towards the emergence of unforeseen circumstances in computational processes. Those artists that create more conventional art have also been inspired by Glitch art’s aesthetic.

=  Response to my peers' contribution B: (250 Words)  =  Hyperreality: 

The failure of awareness to differentiate reality from a simulation of reality is known as hyperreality. It describes how the distinction among real and fake is disturbed, especially in postmodern societies because of technological advancements. As a result, according to the different forms of multimedia which can dramatically modify or contrive an initial event that occurred, what our brain identifies as 'true' in this world can become 'hyperreal'.

Jean Baudrillard was a French sociologist, a philosopher and also a cultural theorist, whose research was often commonly associated with post-structuralism as well as early postmodernism, that helped form the concept of hyperreality. According to Baudrillard's initial semiotic research, today 's consumer culture is made up of a vast array of signs but also symbols that really should be decoded. Simulacra and Simulation, a study that strengthened the theory that our modern culture has substituted both truth and knowledge with symbols and signs, and also that individual experience seems to be a simulation of reality, which is based on this.

Hyperreality enables the merging of physical and virtual reality. Thus, according Baudrillard, neither perception nor reality exist; just the hyperreal remains always. Simulacra are variants of objects that either didn't use an original or that don't have one anymore. A simulation, on the other hand, seems to be a duplication or a replica that stands in for reality. Simulacra and Simulation is well-known for its exploration of signs and symbols, as well as how they contribute to contemporaneity.