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Auxarthron californiense is a fungus within the Onygenaceae family and one of the type species of the genus Auxarthron. A. californiense is generally disturbuted around the world and it is frequently found on dung and in soil near the entrances of animal burrows

History and taxonomy

 * A. californiense was first isolated from pack rat dung in 1963,at California
 * originally considered in genus of Gymnoascus , on the basis of the peridial structure of the peridial stucture and appendages
 * later the specie was distinguished from Gymnoascus to be a member of a noval genus Auxarthron , on the basis of the presence of wall thickenings in the vicinity of septa which they called "knuckle joints"
 * In 1965, this taxon was examined on Scleroderma citrinum, on cellophane buried in calcareous fensoil and on bird dung

Growth and morphology

 * Colonies grown at freezing agar are at frist granular then turn powdery. Colonies grow slowly on YpSs agar and the growth is restricted While Colonies on Sabouraud's agar grow much slowly and ascocarps are belatedly formed
 * Colonies of A. californiense have the restricted, granular appearance and reddish-brown reverse colonies, which are features that differ from other species in the genus reverse to distinguish this species from others in the genus.
 * Asexual state: cylindrical or oblong conidia which are pale yellow-orange,
 * In 1998, A. californiense was found on the veil, tunic and wood fragments on the on the remains of a ninth century Longobard abbess at Italy

Appearance

 * Ascomata of A. californiense are globose. Young ascomata are rosy ,then orange to brown at maturity.
 * ascopores are oblate and have a pale yellow-brown color. broadly punctate ascopores appear to form a reticulate structure
 * peridial hyphae: pale, orange-brown, thick-walled, asperulate, cuticularized,forming a loose network.
 * A. californienseis silghtly similiar to Uncinocarpus uncinatus, because they both have thick-walled uncinate appendages.However, the crozier-shaped tips of A. californiense have an acute end while the tips of U. uncinatus have a blunt and parallel end.

Habitat and ecology

 * Different from other species in the genus, A. californiense has no keratinolytic ability, which means it can not degrade keratin. . This absence of keratinolytic ability indicates that during the course of evolution the keratinolytic ability of Auxarthron is decreasing.