User:Finereach/English architecture notes

Notes either for incorporation into, or to support writing copy for English architecture articles.

=Various random notes=
 * List of historic buildings and architects of the United Kingdom
 * particularly Tudor architecture section
 * Wealden hall house Start Low add to wikiproject (e.g. Ightham Mote 14th Century, Staple Inn 1585, Penshurst Place, The_George_Inn,_Southwark 1676, Alfriston Clergy House 14th Century)
 * List of historic houses in England
 * Timber framing Jettying Great hall
 * Jettying add detail from references up to 3.5' wide

=Periods of English architecture= Periods of architecture :
 * Anglo Saxon Architecture c. 600-1066
 * Norman architecture 1066-1175
 * Gothic 1175-1530 ? 1180-1520 ?
 * Early english gothic 1175-1290 1180-1275
 * Later english gothic 1290-1530
 * Decorated gothic 1290-1350
 * Geometric 1250-1290
 * Curvilinear 1290-1350
 * Perpendicular gothic 1350-1520
 * Medieval achitecture ? 1066-1530 ?
 * Tudor architecture 1485-1603
 * Tudor renaissance or Elizabethan architecture 1530-1603
 * Jacobean architecture 1603-1625 following the reign of James I of England (who was James IV of Scotland).
 * Inigo Jones 1615-1650
 * Stuart and English Baroque 1642 - 1714
 * English Baroque 1666-1710
 * Christopher Wren 1632-1723
 * Nicholas Hawksmoor
 * John Vanbrugh
 * Great houses 1700-1730
 * Georgian architecture 1720-1840
 * Palladianism 1715-1760
 * Regency architecture 1790-1840
 * Victorian architecture 1840-1901
 * Classical architecture
 * Italianate architecture 1840's Charles Barry
 * Gothic architecture
 * Queen Anne style architecture
 * Arts and Crafts movement
 * Edwardian architecture
 * Arts and Crafts movement
 * Art Deco

Church architecture
In church architecture the principal examples are:
 * Henry VIIs Chapel at Westminster (1503)
 * King's College Chapel, Cambridge
 * St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
 * the old schools at Oxford.

There is also Tudor architecture in Scotland, too, for example King's College, Aberdeen.

Domestic buildings
During this period the arrival of the chimney stack, and enclosed hearths resulted in the decline of the great hall based around an open hearth. Instead, fireplaces could now be placed upstairs and it was now possible to have a second storey that ran the whole length of the house. Tudor chimney-pieces were made large and elaborate to draw attention to the owner's adoption of this new technology. Similarly, the jetty appeared, as a way to show off the modernity of having an upper floor that ran the whole length of the house.

The style of large houses moved away from the defensive architecture of earlier moated manor houses, and started to be built more for aesthetics. For example, quadrangular, 'H' or 'E' shaped plans became more common. It was also fashionable for these larger buidlings to incorporate "devices", or riddles, designed into the building, which served to demonstrate the owner's wit and to delight vistors. Occasionally these were Catholic symbols, for example, subtle or not so subtle references to the trinity, seen in three sided, triangular, or 'Y' shaped plans, designs or motifs.

The houses and buildings of ordinary people were typically timber framed, the frame usually filled with wattle and daub but occasionally with brick. These houses were also slower to adopt latest trends and the great hall continued to prevail.

These might also incorporate some of the following features:
 * Jetties
 * Casement windows with glass, which was now available at a much lower cost, and became much more common. Again,
 * Brick or stone chimney

Examples of domestic buildings include:
 * Eltham Palace, Kent
 * Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk
 * Owlpen Manor, Gloucestershire
 * King's College, Aberdeen
 * Layer Marney Tower, Essex
 * East Barsham Manor, Norfolk
 * Fords Hospital, Coventry.
 * Compton Wynyates
 * Hampton Court Palace
 * Montacute House (late Tudor)
 * Wollaton Hall, Nottinghamshire (late Tudor)
 * Old Market Hall, Shrewsbury
 * Hunsdon House, Hertfordshire
 * Photo of a Tudor Merchant House in Salisbury

Tudor style
The Classical order started to influence architecture during the Tudor period, for example at King's College Chapel, Cambridge and Hampton Court Palace.

Tudor style buildings have six distinctive features -


 * Decorative half-timbering
 * Steeply pitched roof
 * Prominent cross gables
 * Tall, narrow doors and windows
 * Small window panes
 * Large chimneys, often topped with decorative chimney pots

In the 19th century a free mix of these late Gothic elements and Elizabethan were combined for hotels and railway stations, in revival styles known as Jacobethan and Tudorbethan.

As a modern term
As a modern residential style, what is usually referred to as Tudor (or sometimes Mock Tudor) is more akin to the rustic Tudorbethan architecture.

=References=