User:Finnderman/sandbox/Advanced Simulation and Computing Program

The Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (or ASC) is a super-computing program run by the National Nuclear Security Administration, in order to simulate, test, and maintain the United States nuclear stockpile. The program was created in 1995 in order to support the Stockpile Stewardship Program (or SSP). The goal of the initiative is to extend the lifetime of the current aging stockpile.

History
After the United States' 1992 moratorium on live nuclear testing, the Stockpile Stewardship Program was created in order to find a way to test, and maintain the nuclear stockpile. In response, the National Nuclear Security Administration began to simulate the nuclear warheads using supercomputers. As the stockpile ages, the simulations have become more complex, and the maintenance of the stockpile requires more computing power. Over the years, due to Moore's Law, the ASC program has created several different supercomputers with increasing power, in order to compute the simulations and mathematics.

Research
The majority of ASC's research is done on super-computers in three different laboratories. The calculations are verified by human calculations.

Laboratories
The ASC program has three laboratories:
 * Sandia National Laboratories
 * Los Alamos National Laboratory
 * Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Current Supercomputers
The ASC program currently houses two super computers on the TOP500 list for computing power. The Sequoia, which is currently ranked third in the world for computing power, is currently being used for simulation and testing in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Cielo, which is also located in Los Alamos National Laboratory, is 57th on the TOP500 list for most powerful computer. Cielo is researching classified information. Although these computers may be in separate laboratories, remote computing has been established between the three main laboratories.

Previous Supercomputers

 * ASCI Q
 * ASCI White
 * ASCI Red
 * ASCI Purple
 * ASCI Blue Pacific
 * ASCI Blue Mountain
 * Red Storm
 * Blue Gene

Elements
Within the ASC program, there are six subdivisions, each having their own role in the extension of the life of the stockpile.

Facility Operations and User Support
The Facility Operations and User Support subdivision is responsible for the physical computers and facilities and the computing network within ASC. They are responsible for making sure the tri-lab network, computing storage space, power usage, and the costumer computing resources are all in line.

Computational Systems and Software Environment
The Computational and User Support subdivision is responsible for maintaining and creating the supercomputer software according to NNSA's standards. They also deal with the data, networking and software tools.

Verification and Validation
The Verification and Validation subdivision is responsible for mathematically verifying the simulations and outcomes. They also help software engineers write more precise codes in order to decrease the margin of error when the computations are run.

Physics and Engineering Models
The Physics and Engineering Models subdivision is responsible for deciphering the mathematical and physical analysis of nuclear weapons. They integrate physics models into the codes in order to gain a more accurate simulation. They deal with the way that the nuclear weapon will act under certain conditions based on physics. They also study nuclear properties, vibrations, high explosives, advanced hydrodynamics, material strength and damage, thermal and fluid response, and radiation and electrical responses.

Integrated Codes
The Integrated Codes subdivision is responsible for the mathematical codes that are produced by the supercomputers. They use these mathematical codes, and present them in a way that is understandable to humans. These codes are then used by the National Nuclear Society Administration, the Stockpile Steward Program, Life Extension Program, and Significant Finding Investigation, in order to decide the next steps that need to be taken in order to secure and lengthen the life of the nuclear stockpile.

Advanced Technology Development and Mitigation
The Advanced Technology Development and Mitigation subdivision is responsible for researching developments in high performance computing. Once information is found on the next generation of high performance computing, they decide what software and hardware needs to be adapted in order to prepare for the next generation of computers.