User:Flanagan.b53/sandbox

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy damages tissue causing it to secrete novel factors that sustain the growth of tumor cells which leads to treatment resistance. A study has been done to show the effects of a sub-type of chemotherapy regimes that cause DNA damage and trigger an inflammatory response on fibroblast cells found in prostate tumors. Multiple oncogenic signaling pathways have been involved in the processes of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Among these signaling pathways, Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways are involved in the embryonic development, in the biology of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and in the acquisition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Evidence suggests the beneficial role of chemopreventive agents known as nutraceutical in cancer. Among many such agents - soy isoflavones, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, 3,3′-diindolylmethane, resveratrol, lycopene, vitamin D, etc. - have been found to prevent, reverse, or delay the carcinogenic process. These agents have also shown to prevent or delay the development of cancer, which is possibly due to their ability to attack CSCs or EMT-type cells by altering the Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways.

Several studies have shown that soy could have protective effects against prostate and other cancers. Studies show that soy could have protection against prostate and other cancers. A study of 12,395 California Seventh-Day Adventist men who often drank soy milk showed that frequent consumption of soy milk was associated with 70% reduction of the risk of prostate cancer. Other Studies have also revealed that isoflavones exert anti-oxidant effects on human cells. Investigators have found that curcumin could inhibit several important signaling pathways Wnt signaling and Hedgehog signaling. Through the inhibition of Wnt signaling, consuming curcumin has been shown to decrease the size of tumors in breast cancer cells, colon cancer, medulloblastoma, and prostate cancer. Studies show lower incidences of prostate cancer among Asian men with a high diet of green tea, suggesting that green tea might be preventive against cancers. By regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, resveratrol has been shown to restrain many types of cancers. Studies also showed that lycopene suppressed cell growth in breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer cells. Experiments also suggest that an increased consumption of vitamin D is associated with reducing the risks of cancers and can prevent some cancers as well.