User:Florian Blaschke/Notes

Uncontroversial genetic units

 * Hunnic language
 * Oghur languages
 * Avar language
 * Khazar language
 * Bolgar languages
 * Proto-Bulgar language
 * Chuvash language
 * Oghuz languages
 * Kipchak languages
 * Khalaj language
 * Chagatai languages
 * Kyrgyz language
 * Altai languages
 * Orkhon language
 * Old Uyghur language
 * Yellow Uyghur language
 * Khulym language
 * Yenisei Turkic languages
 * Sayan Turkic languages
 * Lena Turkic languages

Classification (informed by Claus Schoenig, Wolfgang Schulze et al.)

 * Turkic languages (500 BC; Altai mountains, western Mongolia)
 * Western Turkic languages (3rd century AD; northeastern Mongolia – probably not Kazakhstan)
 * Northwestern Turkic (Oghur) languages (4th century AD; western Kazakhstan; Tabgach; early contact with Mongolian?)
 * Avaric language
 * Khazar language
 * Bolgar languages (Don River)
 * Danubian (Balkan) Bolgar languages
 * Proto-Bulgar language
 * Volga Bolgar languages
 * Chuvash language
 * Southwestern Turkic languages (4th century AD; eastern Kazakhstan)
 * Hunnic language (tentative classification)
 * Oghuz languages (8th century AD; Oghuz steppe between Caspian and Aral Sea, and on the lower Syr-Darya, or along the Syr-Darya as far as the Ferghana Valley; in the 6th century in northeastern Mongolia)
 * Northern Oghuz languages
 * Pecheneg language (tentative classification)
 * Turkmen language (including Iraqi Turkmen, Truxmen and Khorasan Turkic; originally spoken north of the Aral Sea)
 * Southern Oghuz languages (9th century AD; Khorasan; Seljuqs)
 * Southwestern Oghuz languages (11th to 14th century; Iranian Azerbaijan)
 * Osmanic languages (15th century; Iranian Azerbaijan; comprises Turkish, Gagauz, Azeri)
 * Salar language (apparently migrated from Samarkand)
 * Southeastern Oghuz languages (Qashqai, Sonqori, Aynallu, Afshar)
 * Eastern Turkic languages (notional group)
 * Kipchak languages (11th century; Ob/Irtysh River)
 * (South-)Western Kipchak languages (Krymchak, Crimean Tatar, Urum, Karaim, Karachay, Balkar, Kumyk; also Cuman, Kipchak?)
 * Southern Kipchak languages (Nogai, Karakalpak, Kazakh; also Mamluk?)
 * Northern Kipchak languages (Tatar, Bashkir; probably Cuman)
 * Southeastern Turkic (Qarluqic) languages (around 600 north of Lake Balkhash, later upper Syr-Darya, Kyrgyzstan)
 * Khalaj (Arghu Turkic) language (Sogdiana)
 * Karakhanid language (11th century; Kashgar; main works: Kutadgu Bilig and Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk)
 * Chagatai languages (15th century; Uzbekistan)
 * Uzbek language
 * Eastern Chagatai language – misleadingly called (Modern) Uyghur (see Uyghur people and Panethnicity)
 * Ili Turki language – with (Southern?) Kipchak substratum
 * Kyrgyz–Altai languages (Altai mountains, western Mongolia)
 * Kyrgyz language (strongly influenced by Southern Kipchak languages)
 * Altai languages
 * Northern Altai languages (Altai, also known as Tuba, Kumandy, Chalkan)
 * Southern Altai languages (Altai-Kizhi, Telengit, Teleut)
 * Orkhon language – misleadingly called Old Turkic (northern or northeastern Mongolia, later more to the south)
 * Uyghur language (Tarim Basin)
 * Modern Uyghur languages (influenced by Yenisei)
 * Yellow Uyghur language (also known as Western Yugur)
 * Fu-yü Girgis language (influenced by Yenisei, especially Khakas)
 * Äynu language (lexicon borrowed from Persian)
 * Khulym language (Irtysh; similar to Shor specifically?)
 * Yenisei languages (Kamas, Shor, Khakas) (upper Yenisei)
 * Sayan languages (Tofa, Tuvan)
 * Lena languages (12th century; Lake Baikal; Northern Siberian Turkic)
 * Sakha (Yakut) language
 * Dolgan language

Khulym and Yenisei are so close to Orkhon–Uyghur that they may descend from it.

Altai, Orkhon–Uyghur, Khulym, Yenisei, Sayan and Lena together form Siberian Turkic, which may or may not be a genetic unit.